9v alkaline battery

　　Post-9v alkaline battery era: Which battery technology will stand out

　　In recent years, the market demand for large batteries has been increasing. Promoters include pure electric vehicles, which are expected to become more popular in the future, and large rechargeable batteries used in permanent power storage systems, which have attracted much attention after the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011.

　　The previous research and development protagonist has been rechargeable batteries for portable terminals. However, since the battery capacity and performance required for each product greatly exceeds portable use, large batteries for automobiles and stationary applications have gradually become the main target of research.

　　Large batteries used in automobiles and stationary applications have high requirements for long life and high safety in addition to the high capacity required for portable terminal batteries (Figure 1). For example, in terms of lifespan, lithium-ion rechargeable batteries for portable terminals only need to be able to maintain performance during the product's approximately two-year replacement cycle. Larger batteries must be guaranteed for longer periods of 10 or 20 years.

　　The market for automotive applications and fixed installations will rapidly expand in the future, so battery development is also beginning to undergo dramatic changes. Not only for high capacity, but also from the perspective of safety and longevity, all-solid-state batteries are beginning to attract attention. In addition, the development of sodium-ion batteries has been accelerated due to resource issues.

　　According to research results from research firm Fuji Keizai, although the current market size of pure electric vehicles (EVs) is tens of thousands per year, it will gradually expand after 2020, and the global number of EVs will reach 13.74 million by 2030. Usage for fixed-use applications is also expected to grow exponentially as renewable energy becomes more popular.

　　A negative side effect of the surge in the rechargeable battery market is the potential for resource shortages. Especially for the rare metal lithium (Li), the industry unanimously believes that one day there will be a supply shortage of lithium (a battery-related person).

　　In addition, more and more researchers are beginning to develop rechargeable batteries that do not use expensive materials such as cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni). These materials are currently used as cathode materials for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries.

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