AAA rechargeable battery

　　"Changed lanes" after being overtaken by Chinese companies! Japan is making a nationwide effort to develop AAA rechargeable battery

　　The era of automobile transformation from engine to pure electric is approaching, but pure electrification also faces technical obstacles that must be overcome, one of which is the battery. Current batteries have issues in terms of range, charging performance and safety performance. “All-AAA rechargeable battery” are attracting attention as a next-generation battery that solves the problem. In order to ensure Japan's dominant position in the automobile industry, the Japanese government and private companies are working together to make it practical.

　　According to the Japanese Economic News Chinese website on October 31, all-AAA rechargeable battery are a type of lithium-ion battery that use solid electrolytes on the channels where lithium ions move back and forth to replace the electrolytes of existing batteries. The electrolyte of existing batteries uses organic solvent materials, which may cause fire and pose safety problems. All-AAA rechargeable battery do not use flammable electrolytes and are safer. All-AAA rechargeable battery also do not require components called isolation layers, which can reduce the number of components and reduce manufacturing costs. By avoiding the use of liquid, the problem of ion dissolution during the charging and discharging process of lithium-ion batteries is overcome, helping to extend the service life.

　　Needs fast charging

　　For pure electric vehicles to replace engine-powered vehicles, battery performance needs to be improved dramatically. First of all, in order to extend the cruising range, it is necessary to increase the "energy density" of the battery. In addition, there is a need to improve the "input and output power density." Input and output power density affects charging time. Many experts believe that "ultra-fast charging" that increases the input and output power density and completes charging in a few minutes is indispensable for the popularization of pure electric vehicles. All-AAA rechargeable battery theoretically have better performance than existing lithium-ion batteries.

　　The Japanese government is fully supporting the development of all-AAA rechargeable battery by Toyota and other companies. In the summer of 2018, Japan’s New Energy Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) launched a project to develop all-AAA rechargeable battery. 10 billion yen will be invested in the five years from 2018 to 2022.

　　The Japan New Energy Industrial Technology Development Agency has previously joined hands with material manufacturers to promote the research of all-AAA rechargeable battery. Toyota, Nissan, Honda R&D and other automobile manufacturers, and battery companies such as Panasonic and Klipsch Yuasa have joined in, and are working on an "all-Japan" approach. system is developed.

　　The Japanese government is leaning towards all-AAA rechargeable battery because it may influence the ups and downs of the Japanese industry as a whole. In the field of existing automotive lithium-ion batteries, Japanese companies once maintained a dominant position, but now they have been surpassed by Chinese companies. Since pure electric vehicles have not become popular enough to surpass engine-powered cars, the impact remains small. However, if pure electric vehicles continue to become more popular amid the strengthening of global environmental protection policies, the position of Japanese automakers will become dangerous. Since 2019, China has set up new energy vehicle (NEV) regulations that require automobile manufacturers to produce a certain proportion of pure electric vehicles.

　　Statistics from the Japan New Energy Industry Technology Comprehensive Development Agency show that Japan accounted for 54% of all-solid-state battery-related patent applications from 2002 to 2014. However, it is said that Europe, the United States, South Korea, China, etc. are also making nationwide efforts to promote the research of all-AAA rechargeable battery. It is still unknown whether Japan's current dominant position can be maintained in the future.

　　Data from Fuji Economics shows that the world market size of all-AAA rechargeable battery was only 2.1 billion yen in 2017. It is expected to increase to 2.7877 trillion yen by 2035. Currently, polymer-based all-AAA rechargeable battery have been partially put into practical use, but they have not become popular due to various issues.

　　Realizing practical use in the field of small batteries

　　If various all-AAA rechargeable battery become practical and problems such as cruising range and fast charging are overcome, the pure electric vehicle market is likely to blossom rapidly. The International Energy Agency (IEA) has announced its forecast for the proportion of each power source (4.540, -0.01, -0.22%) in passenger car sales. It is expected that pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles ( PHV) reaches 19% by 2030 and 35% by 2040.

　　In fact, ultra-small all-AAA rechargeable battery have been put into practical use. TDK and Fujitsu's FDK have started sample supply of ultra-small all-AAA rechargeable battery for electronic substrates. This kind of battery can be considered for use in "Internet of Things (IoT)" devices and wearable terminals. The all-AAA rechargeable battery launched by TDK and FDK are "oxide type" using ceramic materials. It seems that it will take some time for this oxide all-solid-state battery to be used in pure electric vehicles.

　　Japan began a nationwide effort to research vehicle-mounted all-AAA rechargeable battery in 2018, initially using "sulfide" as a material. However, there is a problem that sulfides generate gas when they come into contact with air. Oxide types using ceramic materials are considered safer. Although the performance of oxide all-AAA rechargeable battery is not sufficient for automobiles, if there is a breakthrough in technology, it may also become a powerful option in the automotive field.

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