Nickel Hydride No. 5 battery

　　Overview of Nickel Hydride No. 5 battery material technology development trends

　　Thanks to the development of new energy vehicles, power batteries are at the forefront of rapid development, and the development of new energy vehicles has also continuously put forward higher requirements for the performance of power batteries. The "Action Plan for Promoting the Development of the Automotive Power Battery Industry" states that By 2020, the specific energy of a new lithium-ion power battery cell will exceed 300wh/Kg. By 2025, the specific energy of a new system power battery cell will reach 500wh/Kg.

　　Driven by both policies and markets, power batteries are bound to develop in the direction of high energy density, high cycle performance, and high safety performance. This requires research institutions and enterprises to make improvements in cathode materials, anode materials, and electrolytes. Solid-state batteries, silicon-carbon anodes, high-nickel ternary materials and lithium-rich manganese cathodes are considered to be the mainstream technological routes for enterprise development in recent years.

　　Lithium-rich manganese-based cathode: an ideal material with low precious metal content

　　The technical goal to be achieved by single cells in 2025 is a specific energy of 400Wh/kg. The development of new more efficient and energy-saving cathode materials to overcome and replace existing defective cathode materials has become a research hotspot. Among the known cathode materials, the lithium-rich manganese-based cathode material has a specific discharge capacity of more than 250 mAh/g, which is almost twice the actual capacity of currently commercial cathode materials; at the same time, this material uses cheaper manganese elements Mainly composed of less precious metals, compared with commonly used lithium cobalt oxide and nickel cobalt manganese ternary cathode materials, it is not only low in cost, but also safe. Therefore, lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials are regarded as ideal materials for the next generation of lithium power batteries.

　　How long will it take to achieve 500wh/Kg? Overview of lithium battery material technology development trends

　　Many companies, including Dangsheng Technology, Jiangte Motor, and AVIC Lithium Battery, are stepping up the research and development of lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials. The Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has improved the voltage attenuation of lithium-rich manganese-based cathode cycles and reached the indicator that the voltage attenuation will be reduced to less than 2% after 100 cycles, making significant progress. For the first time, a team from Peking University has developed a lithium-rich manganese-based cathode with a specific capacity of 400mAh/g, which can reach the target of 400Wh/kg.

　　At present, there are still technical problems that need to be solved to achieve full application of lithium-rich manganese-based cathodes, such as reducing the first irreversible capacity loss, improving rate performance and cycle life, and suppressing voltage attenuation during the cycle process.

　　High-nickel ternary materials: 2018 is the first year of development

　　According to Qidian Research's forecast, the output of nickel, cobalt and manganese will reach 47GWh in 2018, an increase of 32% from last year, while the output of lithium cobalt oxide will only be 19GWh, an increase of only 5% from last year. Due to the scarcity of cobalt and the continuous rise in cobalt prices, battery companies are actively promoting the high-nickelization of ternary materials and reducing costs by reducing the proportion of cobalt in the battery. The cobalt molecule content of NCM811 is only 6.06%.

　　Nickel cobalt manganese materials have high energy density, stable electrochemical performance, high capacity, low cost and other advantages. In the future, they will gradually replace lithium iron phosphate and ordinary ternary batteries. At present, companies such as Dangsheng Technology, Shanshan Co., Ltd., and Beterui have the mass production conditions for NCM811, and 2018 is considered the first year of the development of high-nickel ternary materials.

　　Solid-state batteries: Solid materials replace separators and electrolytes

　　All-solid-state batteries are recognized in the industry and academia as one of the mainstream directions for the next step in battery development.

　　How long will it take to achieve 500wh/Kg? Overview of lithium battery material technology development trends

　　On the one hand, all-solid-state battery technology is the only way to miniaturize and thin-film batteries. The combined volume of the separator and electrolyte accounts for almost 40% of the battery volume. If the separator and electrolyte are replaced with solid materials, the distance between the positive and negative electrodes can be shortened to a few microns, and the thickness of the battery is greatly reduced.

　　On the other hand, compared with ordinary lithium batteries, the energy density of all-solid-state batteries has been greatly improved, reaching 300-400Wh/kg, while lithium-ion batteries are generally 100-220Wh/kg. High safety is also one of the important driving factors for the development of all-solid-state batteries. From a safety perspective, traditional lithium battery electrolytes are organic liquids that will oxidize and decompose to produce gas at high temperatures and are prone to combustion, which greatly increases the number of Unsafe, if the electrolyte is replaced by solid materials, the safety performance of the battery will be greatly improved.

　　At present, the polymer solid-state battery developed by the Qingdao Energy Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has an energy density of 300Wh/kg, and the inorganic solid-state lithium battery developed by the Ningbo Materials Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has an energy density of 240Wh/kg. In addition, the agency is cooperating with Ganfeng Lithium Industry to promote Its industrialization is planned for mass production in 2019. In the industry, leading battery companies including Toyota, Panasonic, Samsung, Mitsubishi, and CATL have invested in research and development and layout of solid-state batteries.

　　Solid-state batteries are undoubtedly one of the mainstream technology routes in the future. However, there are still problems such as high cost, complex preparation process, and immature technology. The overall rate performance of the battery is low, the internal resistance is large, and the voltage drop is large during high-rate discharge. , fast charging is not practical and other issues also need to be solved urgently, and there is still a way to go to achieve large-scale commercialization.

　　Silicon carbon anode: will explode in two to three years

　　Silicon carbon materials are currently the most commercialized new anode materials with high energy density. SPIR predicts that the silicon carbon material industry will begin to enter the stage of lithium battery anode materials on a large scale in the second half of 2018, and will also expand in the next two to three years. It is bound to usher in a big explosion, and the industry has broad prospects.

　　How long will it take to achieve 500wh/Kg? Overview of lithium battery material technology development trends

　　The ultra-high theoretical energy density of silicon-carbon composite materials can significantly increase the monomer specific capacity. In addition, it has the advantages of low lithium deintercalation voltage and environmental friendliness. It is considered to be an ideal anode material to replace graphite in the next generation. As the development of new energy vehicles continues to put forward higher requirements for the specific energy of power batteries, graphite will gradually be replaced by silicon-carbon anode materials in the future.

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