1.2V Ni-MH battery

　　Japan's 1.2V Ni-MH battery technology development has made progress and is expected to last about 10 years

　　If it can travel 500 kilometers under a full charge, it will match the performance of gasoline vehicles. The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan and others believe that this is one of the conditions for the popularization of pure electric vehicles, and have proposed a goal to be achieved by 2030. China, where pure electric vehicles are rapidly gaining popularity, has ended subsidies for models with a driving range of less than 150 kilometers and increased subsidies for models with a long driving range.

　　Lithium-ion batteries were commercialized in 1991 and are used in laptop computers and video cameras. It was used in mass-produced pure electric vehicles in 2009. The driving distance on a full charge is about 200 kilometers. It is generally believed that in the early 2010s, it would be difficult to achieve 500 kilometers with the technology at the time, and that it would be replaced by a new generation of batteries such as all-solid-state batteries around 2030.

　　The development of next-generation batteries is becoming increasingly active around the world, but there are many technical issues. On the other hand, the technological development of lithium-ion batteries has made progress, and a breakthrough of 500 kilometers is increasingly becoming a realistic possibility. Researchers and others predict that "lithium-ion batteries can continue to be used for about 10 years."

　　Lithium-ion batteries generate electricity and charge by moving lithium ions between positive and negative electrodes. To increase the capacity of a battery, it is necessary to increase the number of ions stored in the electrodes, or to reduce the internal resistance so that electrons can pass through more easily.

　　Sekisui Chemical developed the technology for the positive electrode and worked hard on the structure of the added carbon material to make it easier for electrons to flow. The channel through which electrons pass through the positive electrode is expanded, and the flow of electrons becomes smoother, about 10 times that of the past. In addition to obtaining a large amount of the current that occurs, the electrodes are less susceptible to damage and durability is improved.

　　The positive electrode will be thickened to allow more lithium ions to be obtained. In the experiment, the battery capacity increased by about 30%. The cruising range can be increased from the current 400 kilometers to more than 500 kilometers. It is planned to be sold as parts by 2021.

　　Asahi Kasei increased the capacity by about 20% by mixing silicon oxide into the negative electrode. Adding silicon-based materials to the negative electrode using carbon-based materials makes it easier to store lithium ions and increases capacity. However, there is a problem that some ions cannot be released if they are captured. By pre-injecting ions into the negative electrode, the captured parts do not move, so that the acquisition and release of lithium ions becomes smooth. Asahi Kasei strives to realize practical use in a few years.

　　In addition, research into using previously non-existent electrode materials is also advancing. Professor Naoaki Yabuchi of Yokohama National University collaborated with Panasonic to develop a positive electrode mixed with fluorine. Not only metal, but also oxygen can be used for the flow of electrons within the electrode, doubling the capacity. Sumitomo Chemical is promoting the development of negative electrodes using aluminum and has set a goal of increasing the capacity to 2.5 times.

　　Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry will develop technology that makes it possible to completely use up 1.2V Ni-MH battery power starting from fiscal 2019. To prevent fire accidents, etc., the battery is used with a capacity lower than the upper limit. We will support the development of sensors that can accurately detect remaining power and increase the usable amount. 250 million yen has been included in the 2019 budget, and we strive to realize practical use by 2023.

　　Japan once took the world by storm in the field of lithium-ion batteries, but its patent applications declined after 2011. In China, patent applications from universities and companies increased, and by 2015, Japan and China each accounted for one-third of the total. In order to increase the cruising range, the development of technology to significantly increase battery capacity is advancing, and patent applications in China are expected to further increase.

　　Introduction to lithium-ion batteries:

　　A 1.2V Ni-MH battery is a secondary battery (rechargeable battery) that relies primarily on the movement of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work. During the charge and discharge process, Li+ intercalates and deintercalates back and forth between the two electrodes: during charging, Li+ is deintercalated from the positive electrode and embedded in the negative electrode through the electrolyte, and the negative electrode is in a lithium-rich state; during discharge, the opposite is true.

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