The module line is also called the packaging line. Packaging is a key step
in the production of solar cells. Without a good packaging process, no matter
how good the battery is, it will not be able to produce good module boards. The
packaging of the battery not only ensures the life of the battery, but also
enhances the battery's resistance strength. The high quality and long life of
the product are the keys to winning customer satisfaction, so the packaging
quality of the component board is very important.
Solar cell production process:
1. Battery inspection - 2. Front welding - inspection - 3. Back series
connection - inspection - 4. Laying (glass cleaning, material cutting, glass
pretreatment, laying) - 5. Lamination - 6. Deburring ( Edge removal, cleaning) -
7. Frame installation (gluing, corner key installation, punching, framing,
scrubbing residual glue) - 8. Welding junction box - 9. High voltage test - 10.
Component test - appearance Inspection—11. Packaging and storage
How to ensure high efficiency and long service life of components:
1. High conversion efficiency, high quality battery cells;
2. High-quality raw materials, such as: EVA with high cross-linking degree,
encapsulant with high bonding strength (neutral silicone resin glue), tempered
glass with high light transmittance and high strength, etc.;
3. Reasonable packaging process
4. Rigorous work style of employees;
Since solar cells are high-tech products, some details in the production
process, some inconspicuous problems such as wearing gloves but not wearing
them, applying reagents evenly and scribbling, etc., are the enemies of product
quality. Therefore, in addition to formulating reasonable In addition to the
excellent production technology, the seriousness and rigor of the employees are
very important.
Introduction to solar cell assembly process:
Introduction to craftsmanship: Here I will briefly introduce the role of
craftsmanship to give you a perceptual understanding.
1. Battery test: Due to the randomness of the production conditions of the
battery cells, the performance of the produced batteries is different.
Therefore, in order to effectively combine batteries with consistent or similar
performance, they should be classified according to their performance
parameters; battery testing is Classify batteries by testing the magnitude of
their output parameters (current and voltage). In order to improve the
utilization rate of batteries and make battery components with qualified
quality.
2. Frontal welding: The bus strip is welded to the main grid line on the
front side of the battery (negative electrode). The bus strip is a tinned copper
strip. The welding machine we use can spot weld the solder strip to the main
grid in a multi-point manner. on-line. The heat source used for welding is an
infrared lamp (using the thermal effect of infrared rays). The length of the
welding ribbon is approximately twice the side length of the battery. The extra
soldering ribbon is connected to the back electrode of the subsequent battery
piece during back welding.
3. Backside series connection: Backside welding is to connect 36 cells in
series to form a component string. The process we currently use is manual. The
positioning of the battery mainly relies on a membrane plate with 36 recesses
for placing the battery cells. The size of the slot corresponds to the size of
the battery. The position of the slot has been designed. Different templates are
used for components of different specifications. The operator uses a soldering
iron and solder wire to weld the front electrode (negative electrode) of the
front battery to the rear battery. On the back electrode (positive electrode),
connect 36 pieces together in series and weld leads to the positive and negative
electrodes of the component string.
4. Laminated laying: After the back side is connected in series and passed
the inspection, the component strings, glass, cut EVA, fiberglass, and backboard
are laid according to certain levels and prepared for lamination. The glass is
previously coated with a layer of primer to increase the bonding strength
between glass and EVA. When laying, ensure the relative position of the battery
string and glass and other materials, and adjust the distance between batteries
to lay a solid foundation for lamination. (Laying level: from bottom to top:
glass, EVA, battery, EVA, fiberglass, backplane).
5. Component lamination: Put the laid battery into the laminator, vacuum
out the air in the component, then heat to melt the EVA and bond the battery,
glass and backplate together; finally cool and remove the component. The
lamination process is a key step in component production. The lamination
temperature and lamination time are determined by the properties of EVA. When we
use fast-cure EVA, the lamination cycle time is about 25 minutes. The curing
temperature is 150°C.
6. Trimming: During lamination, the EVA melts and solidifies outward due to
pressure to form burrs, so it should be removed after lamination.
7. Framing: Similar to installing a frame on glass; installing aluminum
frames on glass components increases the strength of the components, further
seals the battery components, and extends the service life of the battery. The
gaps between the frame and the glass components are filled with silicone resin.
Each frame is connected with angle keys.
8. Welding junction box: Weld a box at the lead on the back of the
component to facilitate the connection between the battery and other equipment
or batteries.
9. High-voltage test: High-voltage test refers to applying a certain
voltage between the component frame and the electrode lead to test the voltage
resistance and insulation strength of the component to ensure that the component
is not damaged under harsh natural conditions (lightning strikes, etc.).
10. Component testing: The purpose of testing is to calibrate the output
power of the battery, test its output characteristics, and determine the quality
level of the component.
Solar array design steps:
1. Calculate the capacity P consumed by the load in 24 hours.
P=H/V
V——Load rated power supply
2. Select the daily sunshine hours T (H).
3. Calculate the solar array operating current.
IP=P(1+Q)/T
Q——According to the surplus coefficient during the rainy period,
Q=0.21～1.00
4. Determine the battery float voltage VF.
The single float charge voltages of cadmium-nickel (GN) and lead-acid (CS)
batteries are 1.4~1.6V and 2.2V respectively.
5. Solar cell temperature compensation voltage VT.
VT=2.1/430(T-25)VF
6. Calculate the solar array operating voltage VP.
VP=VF+VD+VT
Among them VD=0.5～0.7
Approximately equal to VF
7. Solar cell array output power WP? Flat-panel solar panel.
WP=IP×UP
8. According to the VP and WP silicon battery flat panel combination series
tables, determine the number of series blocks and the number of parallel groups
in standard specifications.
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