Introduction to the current research and development status of fuel cell
testing systems With the growth of global energy demand and the advancement of
human requirements for the environment. Research and development of fuel cells
are increasing in various countries. Fuel cells are one of the most promising
technologies for providing clean and efficient energy to cars and residents.
Fuel cell engines are considered the most promising new energy power system to
replace internal combustion engines. The fuel cell test system is not only
important during the development stage of the fuel cell system, but is also
indispensable for maintaining the normal operation of the battery even after it
is put into use. Powerful testing capabilities provide reliable monitoring of
fuel cells. Providing a flexible structure, with this capability, the scientific
community can easily design their systems to track the advancement of fuel cell
technology.
Introduction to the current status of research and development of fuel cell
testing systems 1. Overall research status and level of fuel cell testing
systems at home and abroad
Since fuel cells are still in the development stage, the automotive
industry has not yet formulated standard test instruments for fuel cells. Not to
mention testing instrument suppliers with the same standards. Many companies are
beginning to approach this challenge and research solutions for properly testing
fuel cells. The most eye-catching among these companies are the American
Hydrogenics Company and the American National Instruments (National Instruments,
referred to as NI), which have launched some software and hardware testing
products. Compatible with a variety of fuel cells and measuring almost all
design indicators: Hydrogenics' Greenljght Company is the world's largest
production base for fuel cell testing systems. It is the world's leading
supplier of testing and diagnostic equipment for the fuel cell industry. As the
world leader in computer-based testing, many leading fuel cell manufacturers use
NI hardware and software tools to test fuel cells at all stages of development.
There are only a handful of companies that have developed fuel cell testing
systems in the entire battery industry, and H before 2004 were all foreign
manufacturers. In order to enable experts who develop fuel cells to use
measurement, control, analysis and visualization tools for evaluation, Wuhan
Lixing Testing Equipment Co., Ltd. keeps up with the most cutting-edge
technology of the world's fuel cells and independently develops a domestically
leading fuel cell testing system. In January 2004, the country's first fuel cell
testing system was launched. The launch of this system has filled the vacancy in
the field of fuel cell testing in my country. It has extraordinary significance
in promoting the development of domestic fuel cell industry.
Introduction to the current status of research and development of fuel cell
testing systems 2. Basic theory of fuel cell testing system 2.1 Test purpose
Of course, the overall goals of the research, development, manufacturing,
and application departments vary. Their requirements for fuel cell detection and
avoidance projects are similar. For the R&D part, the testing requirements
are sufficient to determine the output energy, service life and durability of
the battery pack. In the design acceptance stage, the main task is to optimize
the design in preparation for mass production. And reduce the total cost of the
stack without reducing efficiency. Production and application of Ding. Fuel
cells are required to meet specification requirements. In actual use, it is very
important to monitor the life and working status of the battery. Fortunately,
these different tasks have similar requirements for battery test systems.
2.2 Main features of the test system
①Isolation. The fuel cell test system must first perform various tests that
require signal conditioning. Then the original signal can be digitized by the
data acquisition system. Most large-capacity stacks have hundreds of single
cells. Therefore, the voltage measurement requirements are white. volts of
common mode rejection. therefore. The test must not only have multiple channels
each of which can read l-10V. And isolation of up to several hundred volts must
be maintained between each and the last cell in the stack.
②The data collection system must be able to be expanded. Because the number
of channels in the fuel cell test system can range from 100 to more than 1,000.
So the data collection system must be able to scale. And these systems also
require signal attenuation and amplification.
③Modularization. For today's test systems, modularity is also a must.
Because the test system must be able to change with changes in production and
verification technology.
④Calibration. Any test system should be calibrated to ensure valid and
correct measurements.
Introduction to the development status of fuel cell testing system 2.3 Main
performance parameters of the test
Fuel cell testing systems require precise monitoring and control of
hundreds or thousands of measurements. The range ranges from fuel and oxidant
flow, temperature, pressure and humidity to the output voltage and current of
the fuel cell stack. Testing the performance of a fuel cell is important, and
monitoring the variables that affect performance is even more important, but the
most important thing is to control these variables and operate them safely.
Therefore, the main parameters of monitoring and control are:
(1) Voltage. When there is a load, the output voltage of a single cell will
drop from about 1V of the open circuit voltage to 0. About 6V. Knowing the
voltage of each single cell can provide a closer understanding of the health of
the stack. If any single cell shows different voltages, it means there is a
problem with the battery, or the temperature is abnormal, or the electrodes are
flooded. Testing the voltage of a single cell or stack allows you to properly
operate, test and design your fuel cell.
(2) Current. The output current is sometimes very high, so it is usually
measured using the Gaussian effect. This method does not directly use wires to
test the current, but monitors the signal and converts it into a current reading
in proportion.
(3) Temperature. To generate electricity efficiently. PEMFC must work
within the range of 60-80℃. The purpose of monitoring temperature is to optimize
temperature changes to improve output power. Thermocouples and resistors are
temperature sensors. It is a good sensor for monitoring battery pack temperature
and reaction gas temperature. (4) Humidity. Each diaphragm of the battery unit
must maintain a certain humidity. Too dry or too wet will affect the working
efficiency of the fuel cell. Therefore, it is very important to measure and
control the humidity of fuel cells. One method of testing humidity is to use an
electronic humidity sensor to output a current of 4-20mA in proportion to the
humidity. The input channel of the testing instrument can read this current
signal.
(5) Gas pressure. In many applications, the air flow pressure is high and
this pressure must be monitored and managed. The pressure is measured using
pressure sensors and signal conditioning is performed.
(6) Gas flow rate. Hydrogen flow rate is generally measured using a mass
flow meter that generates pulses proportional to the gas flow rate. These pulses
are then monitored by the counter/timer interface board. And use software to
convert it into flow rate. The electronic regulator can control pressure and
flow through the voltage or current output from the test bench.
(7) Load. Programmable loads can be used to change the resistance. The
resistance can be changed using a controllable GPIB load device or by connecting
individual resistors in parallel via digital relays. The first method can
install a separate unit to change the resistance added to the stack through
GPl0, and the second method can use relays and switches to change the resistance
value.
2.4 Basic structure of fuel cell testing system
The fuel cell test system consists of two major parts: hardware and
software. The hardware part mainly includes controller, sensor and loading
device; the controller is mainly based on computer control. This method takes
full advantage of the advantages of computers: fast speed, powerful memory and
scalability. The software should be easy to upgrade and highly flexible, with a
user-friendly interface. Users can easily perform programming and experiments of
various levels of complexity. Table l lists the basic structural units of the
fuel cell test system.
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