32700 battery.Electric vehicles and energy storage technology will be powerful alternatives to oil

　　With its current economic strength, as well as the urgency of solving environmental pollution and ensuring energy security, China should be able to occupy an important position in the global development of electric vehicles and energy storage technology.

　　In the ten years from 2005 to 2014, China's automobile consumption grew at an average annual rate of 16.9%, much higher than the global average annual automobile growth of 3.3% during the same period; China's automobile sales in 2014 were 23.49 million units, ranking first in the world, while the entire Europe and Car sales in the United States were only 18.48 and 16.84 million respectively. The general international experience is that it takes about 20 years for cars to enter households and become popular, starting from the time when the per capita GDP reaches 1,000 US dollars; when the per capita GDP reaches 3,000 US dollars, car consumption begins to become a fashion; when the per capita GDP reaches 4,000 US dollars to US$5,000, the number of cars per 1,000 residents can exceed 200, entering the era of mass consumption of cars. China's per capita GDP in 2014 was close to US$7,600, but there were about 113 cars per 1,000 people, and only cities such as Beijing, Shenzhen, and Hangzhou had more than 200 cars per 1,000 people. Therefore, the potential for automobile growth is still huge.

　　On the other hand, urban vehicle exhaust emissions in China are becoming one of the most important sources of pollution in cities. The development of electric vehicles plays an important role in improving the urban environment and is beneficial to smog control. Electric vehicles are also an important part of the low-carbon transformation. Compared with traditional fuel vehicles, electric vehicles offer the possibility of reducing carbon emissions through changes in the energy structure (reducing coal and increasing clean energy).

　　At present, due to many problems in the development of electric vehicles, the pace of development is relatively slow. In addition to charging facilities and other supporting policy issues, energy storage technology (batteries) is also a major development obstacle. Breakthroughs in energy storage technology can change the entire energy development process. In addition to supporting the development of electric vehicles, it will also strongly support the large-scale development of solar and wind power, especially distributed solar and wind power, thus solving the constraints imposed by the power grid on the development of solar and wind power.

　　Electric vehicles and energy storage technology will be powerful alternatives to oil. In the long term, the biggest threats to oil prices may come from electric vehicles and energy storage technology. Energy storage technology will make it possible for wind power and solar power to replace traditional fossil fuels on a large scale. Therefore, the combination of electric vehicles, energy storage technology and wind power and solar energy can form a clean and effective alternative to oil, and at the same time meet multiple goals such as ensuring energy security, smog control and low-carbon development. Although the development of electric vehicles and energy storage technology has not yet had a substantial impact on oil substitution, electric vehicles and energy storage technology have advanced rapidly in recent years, and the threat of being a substitute for oil has become increasingly obvious. In the long term, the substitution of oil for the development of electric vehicles is the most important aspect of reducing China's dependence on foreign oil.

　　The development of electric vehicles and energy storage technology in China has a great impact on related industries. Electric vehicles and energy storage technologies are mainly realized through electricity, and their costs and opportunities will be reflected in the development of power companies. At present, the biggest bottleneck in the development of electric vehicles is energy storage technology and charging facilities. For power grid companies, they must cooperate with the government in researching the development of the electric vehicle industry. Currently, they can make up for the shortage of batteries through the optimal layout of charging base stations, including selecting the distribution and construction of charging base stations, and how to operate them commercially on a large scale. Petroleum companies should be sensitive to the prospects and potential of electric vehicles. Since they are related to electricity and charging can be multi-mode, the advantages of the power grid are relatively obvious. Once there is a major breakthrough in electric vehicles and energy storage technology, the refined oil consumption market of petroleum companies will be affected. A real threat. That is to say, when electric vehicles and energy storage technology can effectively replace oil, fierce competition between the power grid and oil companies will be inevitable.

　　China's scientific and technological level gap with developed countries in the research and development of electric vehicles and energy storage technology is not very large. It even has some advantages. Through its efforts, China is fully qualified to produce electric vehicles and energy storage technologies with independent intellectual property rights. First of all, China's economic growth requires sufficient energy security and environmental constraints. The development of new technologies and new energy sources is a must. Therefore, China has the urgency and enthusiasm to develop electric vehicles and energy storage technology; secondly, the government can focus on using policies and funds to promote the rapid development of electric vehicles and energy storage technology. The development and utilization of electric vehicles and energy storage technology require huge investments. , the market alone may be difficult to satisfy; thirdly, China's overall scientific research capabilities have reached a certain scale, and relatively low R&D and manufacturing costs are also China's advantages; finally, the development and utilization of electric vehicles and energy storage technology is an economic issue, and the cost of development and earnings are important. The rapid growth of China's automobile demand is a major incremental market for global automobiles, which can provide broad profit margins and R&D enthusiasm for the research and development of electric vehicles and energy storage technology.

　　Therefore, the development of electric vehicles and energy storage technology is both a challenge and an opportunity. The government can obviously do many things, but the more important ones should be two aspects. First of all, to lead in electric vehicles and energy storage technology, in addition to government R&D investment and administrative measures, policies must also guide the effective integration of technological research and business operations to provide various guarantees for the development of new technologies, including through effective supporting policies. , create a good institutional environment for the development of new technologies, protect intellectual property rights, encourage innovation, guide the flow of talents and capital to the electric vehicle industry, and create convenient financing conditions for the industry; secondly, the construction of the electric vehicle industry chain is generally divided into three links : Research and development, manufacturing and utilization (charging mode). The government's support (subsidy and other preferential policies) for the development of electric vehicles and energy storage technology should mainly focus on R&D and charging model development, and let the market solve manufacturing problems as much as possible. Therefore, if the government can pay attention and invest accordingly, and increase development enthusiasm through policy support, China will likely have an important position in the rapidly emerging fields of electric vehicles and energy storage technologies around the world.

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