Lithium battery cathode material production processes and methods. The main
materials of lithium-ion batteries include electrolyte, isolation materials,
positive and negative electrode materials, etc. The successive introduction of
lithium battery-related policies has promoted the establishment of upstream and
downstream enterprises in the industry. As the future development direction of
batteries, lithium batteries have promising market prospects for cathode
materials.
Lithium battery cathode material market status
As the core of power lithium batteries, cathode materials account for
approximately 30~40% of the manufacturing cost of new energy vehicles.
Currently, the three types that have been widely used in the market mainly
include lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate and ternary materials lithium
nickel cobalt manganate and lithium nickel cobalt aluminate. Among them, lithium
iron phosphate and lithium manganate materials have little room for
technological breakthroughs in basic research, and their energy density and main
technical indicators are close to their application limits. From the perspective
of technological progress, ternary materials have gradually become the
mainstream of power lithium battery cathode materials due to their advantages
such as high energy density, long cycle life, and high reliability.
Driven by the rapid development of lithium batteries and its downstream
industries, lithium battery cathode materials have grown rapidly. In 2016,
global sales of lithium-ion battery cathode materials reached 317,400 tons, a
year-on-year increase of 42.1%. The average annual compound growth rate from
2011 to 2016 was 32.17 %. From the perspective of application structure, the
lithium battery cathode material market can be subdivided into the small lithium
battery cathode material market and the power lithium battery cathode material
market. The cathode materials of small lithium batteries mainly include lithium
cobalt oxide, ternary materials and lithium manganate, while the cathode
materials of power lithium batteries mainly include lithium manganate, lithium
iron phosphate and ternary materials.
Lithium battery cathode material production process
The performance of lithium battery cathode materials directly affects the
performance of lithium-ion batteries, and its cost also directly determines the
cost of the battery. There are many industrial production processes for cathode
materials, the synthesis route is relatively complex, and the control of
temperature, environment, and impurity content is also relatively strict. There
are many industrial production processes for cathode materials, the synthesis
routes are relatively complex, and the control of temperature, environment, and
impurity content is also relatively strict. The cathode materials mainly include
lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate, and ternary
materials.
Calcination technology uses a new microwave drying technology to dry
lithium battery cathode materials, which solves the problems of conventional
lithium battery cathode material drying technology that takes a long time, slows
capital turnover, uneven drying, and insufficient drying depth. The specific
features are:
1. Using microwave drying equipment for lithium battery cathode materials,
it is fast and deep drying can be completed in a few minutes, and the final
moisture content can reach more than one thousandth;
2. Uniform drying and good drying quality of the product;
3. Lithium battery cathode materials are highly efficient, energy-saving,
safe and environmentally friendly;
4. It has no thermal inertia and the instant heating is easy to control.
Microwave sintering lithium battery cathode materials have the characteristics
of fast heating speed, high energy utilization, high heating efficiency, safety,
hygiene and pollution-free. It can improve the uniformity and yield of the
product, and improve the microstructure and performance of the sintered
material.
General preparation methods of lithium battery cathode materials
1. Solid phase method
Generally, lithium salts such as lithium carbonate and cobalt compounds or
nickel compounds are ground and mixed, and then the sintering reaction is
carried out. The advantage of this method is that the process flow is simple and
the raw materials are easily available. It is a method that has been widely
researched, developed and produced in the early stages of the development of
lithium batteries, and foreign technology is relatively mature. The
disadvantages are that the produced cathode material has limited capacitance,
poor mixing uniformity of the raw materials, and poor performance of the
prepared materials. The stability is not good and the quality consistency
between batches is poor.
2. Complex method
The complex method uses an organic complex to first prepare a complex
precursor containing lithium ions and cobalt or vanadium ions, and then sinters
the preparation. The advantages of this method are molecular-scale mixing, good
material uniformity and performance stability, and the cathode material has a
higher capacitance than the solid-phase method. It has been tested abroad as an
industrial method for lithium batteries, but the technology is not yet mature,
and there are currently few reports in China. .
3. Sol-gel method
The method of preparing ultrafine particles developed in the 1970s is used
to prepare cathode materials. This method has the advantages of the complex
method, and the capacitance of the prepared electrode materials is greatly
improved. It is a technology that is developing rapidly at home and abroad. a
way. The disadvantage is that the cost is higher and the technology is still in
the development stage.
4. Ion exchange method
LiMnO2 prepared by the ion exchange method has achieved a high reversible
discharge capacity of 270mA·h/g. This method has become a new hot spot in
research. It has the characteristics of stable electrode performance and high
capacitance. However, the process involves energy-consuming and time-consuming
steps such as solution recrystallization and evaporation, and there is still a
long way to go before practical application.
In the field of lithium battery cathode materials, any minor technological
innovation is likely to set off a new round of market expansion. Chinese
companies should strengthen research and development of key cathode material
technologies, gain an international leading position, enhance core
competitiveness, and compete in international competitions. Gained the
advantage.
The structure of lithium battery, the structure of lithium battery is
divided into five parts, namely positive electrode, negative electrode,
separator, electrolyte and casing.
(1) The positive electrode of lithium battery contains active material,
conductive agent, solvent, binder, matrix and other substances.
(2) The negative electrode of lithium battery contains active materials,
binders, solvents, matrix and other substances.
(3) Lithium battery separator
(4) Lithium battery electrolyte
(5) The lithium battery shell includes steel shell, aluminum shell, cover
plate, pole tab, insulating tape and other hardware.
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