When will there be a breakthrough in battery technology?
Lithium battery pack technology is developing slowly. When will there be a
breakthrough in battery technology? The reason why lithium battery packs are
developing so slowly is largely because almost every tiny improvement or change
requires a lot of experiments and testing. , to ensure safety and stability.
Even if a material is discovered that is helpful for increasing energy density,
there is no guarantee that it will actually work.
In recent years, researchers have worked hard to improve the energy
density, value, safety, environmental impact and trial life of lithium battery
packs, and to design new types of batteries. So, when will there be a
revolutionary breakthrough in battery technology?
1. The development of traditional lithium battery pack technology is slow
and there is limited room for further optimization.
Consumer electronics, automobiles and grid storage are the three main
industries where batteries are currently used. The editor of Cuneng Electric
calls these three industries the three major areas where people connect with
batteries. Each area has different requirements for batteries, so the batteries
used can be very different.
The phone in your pocket needs a strong, safe battery, and weight and cost
are no big considerations.
For the automotive battery industry, a lot of batteries are needed, so cost
and weight, as well as cycle life (you'd be crazy if a new Tesla needed a new
battery every two years), become very important.
Batteries used to store electricity for homes and grids don't require much
weight or size.
Nearly every part of the electronics industry requires batteries and is
limited by their power output and energy life. Batteries develop or advance much
more slowly than other areas. This is a limitation of batteries themselves. You
can't expect to have a battery that can power your phone for a week or a month.
Because, the maximum energy stored in a battery is determined by the inherent
elements.
Because lithium ions are the lightest alkali metal element and have the
characteristics of smaller, lighter, and higher energy density, they quickly
replaced nickel batteries. Among the constituent materials of lithium battery
packs, there are other metal and non-metal materials such as iron phosphate,
manganese, graphite, titanate, etc., but it depends on the embedding and
extraction of the element "lithium ions" in the positive and negative
electrodes. Realize the mutual conversion of electrical energy and chemical
energy, and finally complete the charging and discharging process.
However, the technological progress of lithium battery packs has been slow.
At present, lithium-ion batteries are much higher than lead-acid and
nickel-metal hydride batteries in terms of energy density, high and low
temperature characteristics, and rate performance, but they are still difficult
to meet the rapidly growing demand for electronic products, electric vehicles,
etc. Traditional lithium battery technology is now close to its bottleneck, and
there is limited room for further optimization.
2. Scientists are working on developing new lithium batteries
Currently, scientists are working on developing new batteries with stronger
energy storage and longer life, especially batteries that are more suitable for
different fields, because no battery can be suitable for all fields.
1. Not long ago, Chinese scientists developed a lithium battery that can be
used at minus 70 degrees Celsius. It is expected to be used in extremely cold
areas of the earth and even outer space in the future. It sounds really
"explosive". According to researchers, the materials used in this new battery
are low-cost and environmentally friendly, but it will take some time to
commercialize it. The main problem is that its energy density is too low and
cannot match traditional lithium battery packs.
2. In the automotive industry, batteries ultimately determine the life of
the car, and also determine people’s fear and anxiety about electric vehicles.
To solve this problem, engineers and scientists are trying to cram more voltage
capacity into batteries. Currently, a large amount of research is devoted to
finding new materials and chemicals to supplement or replace the lithium-ion
lattice or other parts of the battery.
For example, some innovative approaches can replace the traditional
graphite anode lattice with silicon, which will have 10 times more lithium ions.
However, silicon will expand when absorbing lithium ions, so researchers need to
solve this problem; replace lithium metal with The lattice acts as an anode, but
it's possible that it can short-circuit while charging. This is a long-standing
headache for battery manufacturers since the advent of lithium batteries 20 to
30 years ago.
3. Consider the "heart" of the battery - the electrode/electrolyte
interface. Among all environmental factors, temperature has the greatest impact
on battery charge and discharge performance. Xia Yongyao, a professor at the
Department of Chemistry and New Energy Research Institute of Fudan University in
China, led a team to develop a new cold-resistant battery. It uses ethyl acetate
with a low freezing point and can conduct electricity under extremely low
temperature conditions as the electrolyte, and uses two organic compounds as
electrodes. cathode and anode.
Ethyl acetate electrolyte and organic polymer electrodes allow rechargeable
batteries to operate at extremely low temperatures of minus 70 degrees Celsius.
"The material for the new battery is plentiful, cheap and environmentally
friendly, and he expects the material to be only about one-third the price of
traditional lithium battery electrode materials.
You know, in extremely cold areas such as Russia and Canada, the
temperature is below minus 50 degrees Celsius; in space, the temperature is as
low as minus 157 degrees Celsius. The performance of traditional lithium battery
packs is only 50% of its optimal level at minus 20 degrees Celsius, and only 12%
of its optimal level at minus 40 degrees Celsius.
The new battery is still in the laboratory stage. The main challenge facing
productization is that the energy per unit mass of this battery is still far
behind that of commercialized lithium batteries. The production process still
needs to be optimized, but it has significant application potential. Therefore,
Working hard to overcome the problem.
3. Batteries using graphene materials perform well
graphene material
Now that lithium battery pack technology has encountered bottlenecks,
people have thought of some new ways to indirectly and effectively solve users'
needs for battery life. In research, it was found that batteries using graphene
materials perform well.
According to reports, the main advantages of batteries using graphene
materials are their service life, charging speed, and high temperature
resistance. The attenuation rate of graphene batteries after 2,000 charges and
discharges is within 15%, which is about 40-80% compared with ordinary lithium
batteries. The charging speed is 5,000 mAh and can be fully charged in half an
hour. If the circuit design is appropriate, it can theoretically be fully
charged within 5 seconds. At the same time, by utilizing the efficient heat
dissipation characteristics of graphene, the battery temperature is reduced by
5°C under the same working conditions.
However, most of the current technical research on graphene-based batteries
is at the laboratory stage and has not yet reached practical use. There is still
a long way to go before mass production.
4. Supercapacitor technology has broad application prospects
Super capacitor
The reason why supercapacitor is called "super" is that it is a power
source with special properties between traditional capacitors and batteries. It
mainly relies on electric double layer and redox pseudocapacitance charge to
store electrical energy. However, no chemical reaction occurs during the energy
storage process. This energy storage process is reversible, which is why the
supercapacitor can be repeatedly charged and discharged hundreds of thousands of
times. It stores energy in the separated charges. The larger the area used to
store charges and the denser the separated charges, the greater its capacitance.
Therefore, the huge surface area coupled with the very small charge separation
distance makes it have an astonishingly large electrostatic capacity compared to
traditional capacitors.
Compared with traditional chemical batteries, supercapacitors, which are
known for their superior properties such as large capacity, high power, long
life, low cost, and environmental protection, have great application prospects.
As technology continues to develop, its application scope has expanded from the
initial field of electronic equipment to the fields of power and energy
storage.
Although lithium battery pack technology is developing slowly, researchers
are designing new lithium batteries. I believe that a breakthrough in lithium
battery technology is just around the corner, and better and more popular
lithium batteries will be developed and created.
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