602248 lipo battery.New battery technology investment opportunities

　　Disposable consumer batteries (known as primary batteries), such as AA and AAA-sized cells, produced by companies like Energizer (ENR), rely on a technology that is not conducive to modern applications. First, they are not rechargeable.

　　These so-called alkaline cells utilize a manganese dioxide cathode and a zinc anode separated by a dilute potassium dioxide electrolyte. The electrolyte oxidizes the zinc in the anode, and the manganese dioxide in the cathode reacts with the oxidized zinc ions to produce electricity. Gradually, reaction by-products accumulate in the electrolyte, and the amount of zinc left to be oxidized decreases. Eventually, the battery died. These cells typically provide 1.5 volts of power and can be sequenced to increase this power. For example, two AA batteries in series provide three volts of power.

　　Rechargeable batteries (called secondary batteries) work on much the same principle, utilizing a reduction-oxidation reaction between two materials, but they also allow the reaction to flow in the opposite direction. The most commonly used rechargeable battery on the market today is lithium-ion (LiOn), although a variety of other technologies have been tried in the search for rechargeable batteries, including nickel metal hydride (NiMH) and nickel cadmium (NiCd).

　　NiCd was the first commercially available rechargeable battery for the mass market, but suffered from the fact that it could only handle a limited number of charges. Nickel-metal hydride batteries replace nickel-cadmium batteries and can be recharged more frequently. Unfortunately, they have a short shelf life, so if they are not used soon after production, they may be ineffective. LiOn batteries solve these problems, come in a small container, have a long shelf life, and allow for multiple recharges. However, LiOn batteries are not the most commonly used batteries in consumer electronics such as mobile devices and laptops. These batteries are much more expensive than disposable alkaline batteries and are generally not available in traditional sizes such as AA, AAA, C, and D (see: Lithium-Ion Battery Inventory).

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　　The last type of rechargeable battery that most people are familiar with is the liquid lead-acid battery, commonly used as a car battery. These batteries can provide a lot of energy (just like cold-starting a car) but contain dangerous substances, including lead and sulfuric acid, which is used as the electrolyte. These batteries must be handled with care to avoid contaminating the environment or causing physical harm to those who use them.

　　The goal of Current Battery Technology is to create a battery that can match or improve the performance of Lion batteries, but without the heavy costs associated with their production. Within the lithium-ion family, efforts have been made to reduce prices while adding more ingredients to improve battery performance. For example, arrangements of lithium cobalt (LiCoO2) can now be found in many cell phones, laptops, digital cameras and wearable products. Lithium manganese batteries (LiMn2O4) are most commonly used in power tools, medical devices and power drive systems such as those found in electric vehicles.

　　Currently, there are teams conducting research and development to improve the performance of lithium-based batteries. Lithium-air (Li-Air) batteries are an exciting new development that enable greater energy storage capacity - 10 times more than the typical Lion battery capacity. These batteries "breathe" air by using free oxygen to oxidize the anode. While the technology looks promising, there are some technical issues, including a rapid increase in by-products of performance degradation and "sudden death" problems where batteries suddenly stop working without warning.

　　Lithium metal batteries are also an impressive development, promising to be nearly four times more energy efficient than current EV battery technology. The batteries are also much cheaper to produce, which will lower the cost of products using them. However, safety is a major concern because these batteries can overheat and cause fires, or explode if damaged. Other new technologies being researched include lithium-sulfur batteries and silicon-carbon batteries, but these batteries are still in the early stages of research and not yet commercially viable. There are also developments surrounding solar cells.

　　Investopedia - New Battery Technology Investment Opportunities

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　　If battery technology moves in these exciting new directions, it will lower the production costs of consumer electronics and electric vehicles like Tesla Motors. Tesla recently announced a partnership with Japanese electronics giant Panasonic to build a "gigafactory" that will not only produce more cars but also produce its own LiOn batteries in-house. By putting the battery into the final

　　In modern times, batteries have always been important. However, with the advent of mobile computing and electric vehicles, their importance will only continue to grow. For example, the battery pack currently accounts for more than half of the cost of a Tesla vehicle. Because of their increasing importance, research into newer and better rechargeable batteries is gaining momentum. Lithium-air and lithium metal batteries may prove to be important advances.

　　If these technologies ultimately pay off, investing in large companies in battery production, pure-play lithium-ion battery manufacturers, or indirectly through lithium metal producers could help boost a portfolio's future performance. With production issues in its own hands, Tesla may have found a good way to gain investment in both electric vehicles and battery technology.

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