As one of the most influential new energy vehicle brands in the world,
Tesla has been regarded as a target for learning and catching up by many car
brands. Nowadays, with the frequent occurrence of spontaneous combustion
incidents, whether Tesla cars and even electric cars are safe has become a topic
of concern to many people. Although no one doubts that "electrification" has
become an irresistible trend in the development of the global automobile
industry. However, the recent frequent spontaneous combustion accidents have
once again pushed new energy vehicles to the forefront of public opinion. On
April 21, a Tesla Model S spontaneously ignited in Shanghai. According to
on-site surveillance video, the Tesla Model S parked in the underground garage
suddenly caught fire and ignited several vehicles nearby. Users of the building
were also arranged to evacuate, causing heavy losses. On May 12, a Tesla Model S
spontaneously ignited half an hour after it was parked in San Po Kong Plaza,
Hong Kong. There were three explosions during the combustion process. It took
firefighters 45 minutes to extinguish the fire. According to reporters, in just
two months, four spontaneous combustion incidents have occurred in Tesla’s
electric vehicles around the world. As one of the most influential new energy
vehicle brands in the world, Tesla has been regarded as a target for learning
and catching up by many car brands. Nowadays, with the frequent occurrence of
spontaneous combustion incidents, whether Tesla cars and even electric cars are
safe has become a topic of concern to many people. Recently, reporters
interviewed a number of industry experts and scholars on whether new energy
vehicles are safe, how to deal with spontaneous combustion accidents, and what
improvements and upgrades are needed in the development of new energy vehicles
to find the problems and solutions behind the spontaneous combustion of electric
vehicles. . The source of spontaneous combustion is mostly lithium battery. The
technical standards of new energy vehicles still have room for upgrading. "After
dismantling, I saw that of the entire Tesla battery module (a total of 16
groups), only four modules near the front of the car had been burned. The
remaining 12 None of the modules have been affected. If the fire is extinguished
later, more lithium battery modules (the source of powerful deflagration) may be
affected and deflagrate..." After the spontaneous combustion of Tesla Model S,
the owner of the car, Mr. Dong, has I haven't slept for more than 30 hours. In
addition to fear and anger, the biggest question in his mind is: "Why did a
vehicle bought at a high price spontaneously ignite under static conditions?"
"The incident is currently under investigation, and no preliminary judgment or
conclusion has been formed. We will actively cooperate with the investigation. ,
announce the investigation results in a timely manner, and please do not spread
or believe rumors." Three days after the spontaneous combustion of Tesla Model
S, Tesla announced on its official Weibo. Although Tesla has not yet given an
official investigation conclusion, after the Tesla Model S spontaneously
ignited, Shanghai fire scene experts, judicial experts, and automobile experts
rushed to the scene for investigation as soon as possible. Tao Wei, an expert on
vehicle defect investigation and identification and recall from the General
Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, said that at
present, the cause of the Tesla Model S fire is a battery short circuit, and
identification will continue in the future. In fact, this is not the first time
that new energy vehicles, especially pure electric vehicles, have spontaneously
ignited. According to incomplete statistics, there were more than 40 electric
vehicle fire incidents across the country in 2018, and the vehicles covered
different models such as passenger cars, buses, and logistics vehicles. In
Shenzhen alone, eight spontaneous combustion accidents of new energy logistics
vehicles occurred. According to Liu Zhichao, an analyst in the automotive
industry, there are many and complex reasons for spontaneous combustion of
electric vehicles, but the main problem is the battery. For example, an internal
short circuit in the battery is one of the common causes. "For example, when the
car is vibrating, the material coating the positive and negative electrodes of
the battery plate falls off, and a short circuit occurs in the battery. This
kind of internal short circuit in the battery is difficult to control and may
induce spontaneous combustion." In addition, Liu Zhichao pointed out that the
battery's internal short circuit is difficult to control. Loose connections
resulting in poor external contact, or overcharging or over-discharging the
battery may cause the internal temperature of the battery to rise and cause
spontaneous combustion. "Because there is a process for the temperature to rise
to spontaneous combustion, it will catch on fire when it is parked in the
basement, just like Tesla's car this time. It is neither charging nor driving."
Big data confirms The view that "most sources of spontaneous combustion of new
energy vehicles are batteries". The Qianzhan Industry Research Institute
analyzed and counted the fire accidents of new energy vehicles since 2017 and
found that among the causes of fire accidents, spontaneous combustion of power
batteries accounted for 31%, mainly due to the short-term internal or external
short circuit of the lithium battery. The internal battery releases a large
amount of heat and the temperature rises sharply, causing thermal runaway.
"Unscientific cost requirements have increased safety risks. In recent years,
popular practices in the battery industry such as simplified system design and
increased capacity of single cells have increased battery safety risks." Liu
Zhichao said bluntly, "Take Tesla as an example. In order to reduce weight and
cost, Tesla eliminated the outermost insulation layer of the battery, further
intensifying the risk." It is not just car companies that need help from many
parties to ensure the safe development of electric vehicles. "The batteries of
new energy vehicles have very high technical requirements. High." Ouyang
Minggao, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and director of the
State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy Conservation, said that the
power battery will generate heat during operation, which is controllable under
normal circumstances, but when the battery temperature is too high or the
charging voltage is too high, the battery will Internal chemical reactions will
occur one after another, resulting in a chain reaction, causing the internal
pressure and temperature of the battery to rise sharply, causing thermal runaway
of the battery, causing combustion or explosion. Regardless of changes in
external use and environmental issues, the cause of heating is also closely
related to its own manufacturing materials and processes. Problems such as
excessive battery use, uneven battery pack temperature, short circuit, etc. may
lead to thermal runaway. "If you want to reduce or even avoid the occurrence of
spontaneous combustion incidents in new energy vehicles, you must first carry
out strict controls at the technical level." Sun Fengchun, an academician of the
Chinese Academy of Engineering and an expert on new energy vehicles, said that
from a technical perspective, there are two ways to solve the problem of
electric vehicle fires. The first route is to use pure solid electrolytes, but
it is difficult to achieve in the short term; the second is to "develop an
absolutely safe control system." "my country's new energy vehicle policy
orientation has always encouraged high energy density in the past. In order to
meet the requirements, car companies received more subsidies and rapidly
improved this indicator. But now many car companies will also pay attention to
safety factors, such as re-selecting lithium iron phosphate batteries. "He
introduced. In addition to strictly controlling the production process and
making technological breakthroughs, mastering certain escape methods is also an
important means to protect safety in the event of vehicle spontaneous
combustion. "If you are around the vehicle when it spontaneously ignites, you
must stay away from the spontaneously igniting vehicle as soon as possible. Pure
electric vehicles spontaneously ignite very quickly, especially when the battery
pack is short-circuited, and a deflagration may occur within tens of seconds.
and other phenomena." Tao Wei reminded, "On the premise of ensuring that you are
in a safe environment, call the police as soon as possible, and then contact the
insurance company and relevant brand 4S stores to assist on-site. In general,
safety is the first priority One person." The frequent spontaneous combustion
accidents of electric vehicles have not only attracted public attention to the
safety issues of new energy vehicles, but the distribution of accident liability
and compensation have also become hot topics in the industry. "Take the Shanghai
Tesla Model S spontaneous combustion accident as an example. The cause of the
Tesla Model S spontaneous combustion accident has been initially determined to
be caused by a battery short circuit problem, which can basically be
characterized as spontaneous combustion. If Tesla owners do not purchase
spontaneous combustion insurance, the insurance company will Will refuse
compensation." Yang Liang, a lawyer at Dacheng Law Firm, told reporters, "Car
owners can only insure vehicle spontaneous combustion insurance on the basis of
motor vehicle loss insurance." Therefore, Yang Liang suggested that owners of
Tesla Model S spontaneous combustion accidents If you do not purchase
spontaneous combustion insurance, you can defend your rights against the seller
on the grounds that the new energy vehicle has quality defects. "The seller
should be responsible for repairing, replacing or returning goods and
compensating for losses. If it is the manufacturer's responsibility, the seller
will recover from the manufacturer and supplier." In fact, compared with the
fuel vehicles that have been developed for more than 100 years, new energy
vehicles The short development time and rapid development speed have also caused
the problem that relevant laws and regulations are not yet complete to a certain
extent. Feng Jun, secretary-general of the Accident Vehicle Repair Committee of
the China Automobile Maintenance Industry Association, said in an interview that
my country's new energy vehicle insurance clauses have not yet been introduced,
and most companies use traditional fuel vehicle insurance clauses to insure
electric vehicles. He appealed: "Nowadays, the production, sales and ownership
of electric vehicles are growing rapidly. We must accelerate the promotion of
exclusive insurance for electric vehicles and introduce it as soon as
possible."
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