Analyze and compare new energy heating, cooling and bathing hot water
technologies
Traditional energy consumption for heating in northern winter mainly relies
on mineral combustion. Mineral energy is a non-renewable one-time energy source,
and a large amount of pollutants are produced during the combustion process,
seriously polluting the living environment.
In recent years, the government and relevant departments have made great
efforts to improve the atmospheric environment and gradually eliminate the use
of coal and other mineral energy. Encourage renewable new energy utilization
technologies and equipment, and the government's financial department will
provide one-time financial subsidies to new energy utilization units.
1Energy distinction
Non-renewable one-time mineral energy includes: coal, oil, natural gas,
etc.; renewable and environmentally friendly new energy includes: solar energy,
wind energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy, etc. Among them, geothermal energy
and solar energy are green and environmentally friendly new renewable energy
sources with large resource reserves and wide distribution. Heat pump is an
energy-saving and environmentally friendly technology that can achieve clean and
efficient utilization of geothermal energy, waste heat and other resources. The
use of geothermal energy and the development of heat pump systems are of great
significance to optimizing the energy structure, mitigating resource pressure,
and improving the atmospheric environment.
2 New energy technologies and analysis and comparison
2.1 Solar energy
Main functions: hot water for bathing, heating
The utilization of solar hot water and heating is relatively convenient and
the technology is relatively mature. Solar hot water bathing technology has a
history of more than 30 years and has been widely recognized and applied by
people. The operating principle of the solar hot water bathing system is shown
in Figure 1.
Disadvantages: It is greatly affected by climate and light density, and
cannot complete the work independently part of the time. Other energy sources
must be used to assist in heating and heating purposes.
Conclusion: Solar heating bathing hot water projects are relatively common
and mature, and building heating technology needs to be strengthened.
2.2 Air source heat pump
Main functions: heating, cooling and hot water for bathing
Air source heat pump technology has a history of more than 20 years. In the
early days, it was generally used to heat hot water for bathing. In the past 10
years, it has been gradually expanded to building heating and cooling projects.
The heat source of air source heat pumps comes from the air. As long as a small
amount of electrical energy is input, a large amount of heat energy can be mined
in the air during the heat pump cycle, which can be utilized by increasing the
pressure and temperature. Compared with solar energy, it is almost not affected
by the weather. Low-temperature air source heat pumps can operate normally and
efficiently at ambient temperatures above -25°C, and the energy efficiency ratio
(COP) is generally between 2.0 and 4.0. The operating principle of the air
source heat pump system is shown in Figure 2.
Disadvantages: The operating efficiency will decrease as the ambient
temperature decreases. In addition, when the ambient temperature is lower than
5°C, due to the high moisture content of the air, frost will form on the surface
of the evaporator. The unit will automatically start the defrost process, and
the energy consumed by defrost is approximately Accounting for 10%, it is not
suitable to promote air source heat pumps in severely cold areas (ambient
temperature below -25°C).
Conclusion: Air source heat pump technology is relatively mature and
suitable for heating and cooling of small and medium-sized buildings. Combined
with indoor floor low-temperature radiant heating in winter and fan coil cooling
in summer, the heating task can be completed in the north.
2.3 Ground source heat pump
Main functions: heating, cooling and hot water for bathing
Ground source heat pump technology has experienced explosive growth since
2007 and is now generally understood and recognized by everyone. The heat source
of the ground source heat pump comes from the ground. The temperature
utilization depth is generally 60m~120m. The ground below 30m is not affected by
the climate. It has constant temperature in all seasons. The ground source heat
pump operates stably. Compared with the air source heat pump, there is no
defrosting energy consumption and the efficiency is increased by about 20%.
.
The pipes and equipment of the ground source heat pump system are installed
hiddenly. There is no cooling tower on the roof and no plug-in units on the
walls, thus maintaining the integrity and beauty of the building. The operating
principle of the ground source heat pump system is shown in Figure 3.
Disadvantages: The heat source of ground source heat pumps comes from
underground, and a well must be drilled underground. A heat exchange system must
be laid in the well. The drilling construction volume is large. The drilling
location usually occupies the green belt or parking lot of the unit. After the
heat exchange system is laid, the ground returns to level. Guaranteed original
design functionality. Drilling and laying underground heat exchange systems
increases investment. Generally, drilling costs and material costs for soil
geology account for about 30% of the total investment. For rock geology, this
cost has increased.
Conclusion: The heat source temperature of the ground source heat pump
improves its operating efficiency, and there is no frequent defrosting action.
Its biggest advantage is its more stable operation. It is the preferred
technology for heating and cooling of large and medium-sized buildings.
2.4 Air source heat pump direct supply waterless heating
Main functions: heating and cooling
This technology is less than 10 years old. Compared with other heating
systems, the direct-supply waterless heating system eliminates the need for a
water circulation system and completely solves the problem of antifreeze. There
is no heat transfer between heat pump and water circuit circulation, eliminating
water pump power consumption and reducing secondary heat exchange and pipeline
heat loss. The system can be miniaturized, so that each room is equipped with an
independent system, and the control and operation are extremely flexible.
Combining its advantages, system efficiency increases by approximately 20%. Air
source heat pump direct supply waterless heating is shown in Figure 4.
Conclusion: Other heating equipment must have water pump power consumption,
and water pump power consumption accounts for about 15% of the total operating
costs. Direct-supply waterless heating technology, unique water-pump system and
reduced heat exchange loss design have effectively improved operating
efficiency, obviously. Reduced power consumption. Suitable for homes and other
residential-based independent buildings and building groups.
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