It is summarized from the test purpose, main parameters, basic
characteristics and basic composition of the system. From the various data
listed in this article, it is not difficult to see that fuel cell testing
technology can shorten the fuel cell development cycle. Improving quality and
reducing costs are of great significance. 1. Sang Yingjun 2. Fan Yuanyuan
(1Department of Telecommunications, Huaiyin Institute of Technology; 2Department
of Accounting, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223001) With
the growth of global energy demand and the improvement of human requirements for
the environment. Research and development of fuel cells are increasing in
various countries. Fuel cells are one of the most promising technologies for
providing clean and efficient energy to cars and residents. Fuel cell engines
are considered the most promising new energy power system to replace internal
combustion engines. Fuel cell testing systems are not only important during the
R&D phase of a fuel cell system, but are indispensable for maintaining the
normal operation of the battery even after it is put into use. Powerful testing
capabilities provide reliable monitoring of fuel cells. Providing a flexible
structure, with this capability, the scientific community can easily design
their systems to track the advancement of fuel cell technology.
1. The overall research status and level of fuel cell testing systems at
home and abroad. Since fuel cells are still in the development stage, the
automobile industry has not yet formulated a standard testing instrument for
fuel cells, let alone a unified and standardized testing instrument supplier.
Many companies are approaching this challenge and developing solutions for
accurately testing fuel cells. The most eye-catching of these companies are the
American Hydrogenics Company and National Instruments (NI), which have launched
some software and hardware testing products. They are compatible with a variety
of fuel cells and can measure almost all design indicators:
5. Hydrogenics' Greenljght Company is the world's largest production base
for fuel cell testing systems. It is the world's leading supplier of testing and
diagnostic equipment for the fuel cell industry. As the world leader in
computer-based testing, many leading fuel cell manufacturers use NI hardware and
software tools to test fuel cells at all stages of development. There are only a
handful of companies that have developed fuel cell testing systems in the entire
battery industry, and H before 2004 were all foreign manufacturers [6]. In order
to enable experts who develop fuel cells to use measurement, control, analysis
and visualization tools for evaluation, Wuhan Lixing Testing Equipment Co., Ltd.
keeps up with the most cutting-edge technology of fuel cells in the world and
independently develops a domestically leading fuel cell testing system. , and
launched the first domestic fuel cell testing system in January 2004. The launch
of this system has filled the gap in the field of fuel cell testing in my
country. It has extraordinary significance in promoting the development of the
domestic fuel cell industry.
2. Basic theory of fuel cell testing system
2.1 Test Purpose Although the overall goals of research, development,
manufacturing and application departments vary. Their requirements for fuel cell
detection and avoidance projects are similar. For the Ding R&D department,
testing requirements are sufficient to determine the energy output, service life
and durability of the battery pack. During the design acceptance phase, the main
task is to optimize the design in preparation for mass production and to reduce
the total stack cost without reducing efficiency. For Ding production
applications, fuel cells are required to meet specification requirements. In
actual use, it is very important to monitor the life and working status of the
battery. Fortunately, these different tasks have similar requirements for
battery test systems.
2.2 Main features of the test system
①Isolation. The fuel cell test system must first perform various tests that
require signal conditioning. Then the original signal can be digitized by the
data acquisition system. Most large-capacity stacks have hundreds of single
cells. The voltage measurement thus requires several volts of common-mode
rejection. Therefore, the test must not only have multiple channels each capable
of reading l-10V, but must also maintain isolation of up to several hundred
volts between each and the last cell in the stack.
②The data collection system must be able to be expanded. Since the number
of channels in a fuel cell test system can range from 100 to more than 1,000,
the data acquisition system must be able to be expanded. And these systems also
require signal attenuation and amplification.
③Modularization. For today's test systems, modularity is also a necessity.
Because the test system must be able to change with changes in production and
verification technology.
④Calibration. Any test system should be calibrated to ensure valid and
accurate measurements.
2.3 Main performance parameters of testing Fuel cell testing systems
require precise monitoring and control of hundreds or thousands of measurements
ranging from fuel and oxidant flow, temperature, pressure and humidity to the
output voltage and current of the fuel cell stack. Testing the performance of a
fuel cell is important, and monitoring the variables that affect performance is
even more important, but the most important thing is to control these variables
and operate them safely. Therefore, the main parameters of monitoring and
control are:
(1) Voltage. When there is a load, the output voltage of a single cell will
drop from about 1V of the open circuit voltage to about 0.6V. Knowing the
voltage of each single cell can better understand the health of the stack. If
any single cell shows a different voltage, it indicates that there is a problem
with the battery, or the temperature is abnormal, or the electrodes are flooded.
Testing the voltage of a single cell or stack allows you to properly operate,
test and design fuel cells.
(2) Current. The output current is sometimes very high, so it is usually
measured using the Gaussian effect. This method does not directly use wires to
test the current, but monitors the signal and converts it into a current reading
in proportion.
(3) Temperature. To generate electricity efficiently. pEMFC must work
within the range of 60-80℃. The purpose of monitoring temperature is to optimize
temperature changes to increase output power. Thermocouples and resistors are
temperature sensors. It is a good sensor for monitoring battery pack temperature
and reaction gas temperature.
(4) Humidity. Each diaphragm of the battery unit must maintain a certain
humidity. Too dry or too wet will affect the working efficiency of the fuel
cell. Therefore, it is very important to measure and control the humidity of
fuel cells. One method of testing humidity is to use an electronic humidity
sensor to output a current of 4-20mA in proportion to the humidity. The input
channel of the testing instrument can read this current signal.
(5) Gas pressure. In many applications, the air flow pressure is high and
this pressure must be monitored and managed. Pressure is measured using pressure
sensors and signal conditioning is performed.
(6) Gas flow rate. Hydrogen flow rate is typically measured using a mass
flow meter that generates pulses proportional to the gas flow rate. These pulses
are then monitored by a counter/timer interface board and converted to flow rate
using software. The electronic regulator can control pressure and flow through
the voltage or current output from the test bench.
(7) Load. Programmable loads can be used to change the resistance. The
resistance value can be changed using a controllable GpIB load device or by
connecting individual resistors in parallel via digital relays. The first method
can install a separate unit to change the resistance added to the stack through
Gpl0, and the second method can use relays and switches to change the resistance
value.
2.4 Basic structure of fuel cell test system The fuel cell test system
consists of two major parts: hardware and software. The hardware part mainly
includes controllers, sensors and loading devices; the controller is mainly
based on computer control. This method gives full play to the advantages of
computers: fast speed, powerful memory capacity and scalability. The software
should be easy to upgrade and highly flexible, with a user-friendly interface.
Users can easily perform programming and experiments of various levels of
complexity. Table l lists the basic structural units of the fuel cell test
system.
3. Conclusion Engineers continue to apply new methods to fuel cell testing.
They are constantly seeking reliable, accurate and flexible testing systems to
help shorten the development cycle, improve fuel cell quality and reduce costs.
to develop next-generation fuel cells. With the increasing pressure on the
environment, government and consumers in the development of fuel cells, coupled
with the huge investment from the government, the development and application of
fuel cell testing systems will surely make greater progress.
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