LR03 alkaline battery.Current status of research and development of fuel cell testing systems

　　It is summarized from the test purpose, main parameters, basic characteristics and basic composition of the system. From the various data listed in this article, it is not difficult to see that fuel cell testing technology can shorten the fuel cell development cycle. Improving quality and reducing costs are of great significance. 1. Sang Yingjun 2. Fan Yuanyuan (1Department of Telecommunications, Huaiyin Institute of Technology; 2Department of Accounting, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223001) With the growth of global energy demand and the improvement of human requirements for the environment. Research and development of fuel cells are increasing in various countries. Fuel cells are one of the most promising technologies for providing clean and efficient energy to cars and residents. Fuel cell engines are considered the most promising new energy power system to replace internal combustion engines. Fuel cell testing systems are not only important during the R&D phase of a fuel cell system, but are indispensable for maintaining the normal operation of the battery even after it is put into use. Powerful testing capabilities provide reliable monitoring of fuel cells. Providing a flexible structure, with this capability, the scientific community can easily design their systems to track the advancement of fuel cell technology.

　　1. The overall research status and level of fuel cell testing systems at home and abroad. Since fuel cells are still in the development stage, the automobile industry has not yet formulated a standard testing instrument for fuel cells, let alone a unified and standardized testing instrument supplier. Many companies are approaching this challenge and developing solutions for accurately testing fuel cells. The most eye-catching of these companies are the American Hydrogenics Company and National Instruments (NI), which have launched some software and hardware testing products. They are compatible with a variety of fuel cells and can measure almost all design indicators:

　　5. Hydrogenics' Greenljght Company is the world's largest production base for fuel cell testing systems. It is the world's leading supplier of testing and diagnostic equipment for the fuel cell industry. As the world leader in computer-based testing, many leading fuel cell manufacturers use NI hardware and software tools to test fuel cells at all stages of development. There are only a handful of companies that have developed fuel cell testing systems in the entire battery industry, and H before 2004 were all foreign manufacturers [6]. In order to enable experts who develop fuel cells to use measurement, control, analysis and visualization tools for evaluation, Wuhan Lixing Testing Equipment Co., Ltd. keeps up with the most cutting-edge technology of fuel cells in the world and independently develops a domestically leading fuel cell testing system. , and launched the first domestic fuel cell testing system in January 2004. The launch of this system has filled the gap in the field of fuel cell testing in my country. It has extraordinary significance in promoting the development of the domestic fuel cell industry.

　　2. Basic theory of fuel cell testing system

　　2.1 Test Purpose Although the overall goals of research, development, manufacturing and application departments vary. Their requirements for fuel cell detection and avoidance projects are similar. For the Ding R&D department, testing requirements are sufficient to determine the energy output, service life and durability of the battery pack. During the design acceptance phase, the main task is to optimize the design in preparation for mass production and to reduce the total stack cost without reducing efficiency. For Ding production applications, fuel cells are required to meet specification requirements. In actual use, it is very important to monitor the life and working status of the battery. Fortunately, these different tasks have similar requirements for battery test systems.

　　2.2 Main features of the test system

　　①Isolation. The fuel cell test system must first perform various tests that require signal conditioning. Then the original signal can be digitized by the data acquisition system. Most large-capacity stacks have hundreds of single cells. The voltage measurement thus requires several volts of common-mode rejection. Therefore, the test must not only have multiple channels each capable of reading l-10V, but must also maintain isolation of up to several hundred volts between each and the last cell in the stack.

　　②The data collection system must be able to be expanded. Since the number of channels in a fuel cell test system can range from 100 to more than 1,000, the data acquisition system must be able to be expanded. And these systems also require signal attenuation and amplification.

　　③Modularization. For today's test systems, modularity is also a necessity. Because the test system must be able to change with changes in production and verification technology.

　　④Calibration. Any test system should be calibrated to ensure valid and accurate measurements.

　　2.3 Main performance parameters of testing Fuel cell testing systems require precise monitoring and control of hundreds or thousands of measurements ranging from fuel and oxidant flow, temperature, pressure and humidity to the output voltage and current of the fuel cell stack. Testing the performance of a fuel cell is important, and monitoring the variables that affect performance is even more important, but the most important thing is to control these variables and operate them safely. Therefore, the main parameters of monitoring and control are:

　　(1) Voltage. When there is a load, the output voltage of a single cell will drop from about 1V of the open circuit voltage to about 0.6V. Knowing the voltage of each single cell can better understand the health of the stack. If any single cell shows a different voltage, it indicates that there is a problem with the battery, or the temperature is abnormal, or the electrodes are flooded. Testing the voltage of a single cell or stack allows you to properly operate, test and design fuel cells.

　　(2) Current. The output current is sometimes very high, so it is usually measured using the Gaussian effect. This method does not directly use wires to test the current, but monitors the signal and converts it into a current reading in proportion.

　　(3) Temperature. To generate electricity efficiently. pEMFC must work within the range of 60-80℃. The purpose of monitoring temperature is to optimize temperature changes to increase output power. Thermocouples and resistors are temperature sensors. It is a good sensor for monitoring battery pack temperature and reaction gas temperature.

　　(4) Humidity. Each diaphragm of the battery unit must maintain a certain humidity. Too dry or too wet will affect the working efficiency of the fuel cell. Therefore, it is very important to measure and control the humidity of fuel cells. One method of testing humidity is to use an electronic humidity sensor to output a current of 4-20mA in proportion to the humidity. The input channel of the testing instrument can read this current signal.

　　(5) Gas pressure. In many applications, the air flow pressure is high and this pressure must be monitored and managed. Pressure is measured using pressure sensors and signal conditioning is performed.

　　(6) Gas flow rate. Hydrogen flow rate is typically measured using a mass flow meter that generates pulses proportional to the gas flow rate. These pulses are then monitored by a counter/timer interface board and converted to flow rate using software. The electronic regulator can control pressure and flow through the voltage or current output from the test bench.

　　(7) Load. Programmable loads can be used to change the resistance. The resistance value can be changed using a controllable GpIB load device or by connecting individual resistors in parallel via digital relays. The first method can install a separate unit to change the resistance added to the stack through Gpl0, and the second method can use relays and switches to change the resistance value.

　　2.4 Basic structure of fuel cell test system The fuel cell test system consists of two major parts: hardware and software. The hardware part mainly includes controllers, sensors and loading devices; the controller is mainly based on computer control. This method gives full play to the advantages of computers: fast speed, powerful memory capacity and scalability. The software should be easy to upgrade and highly flexible, with a user-friendly interface. Users can easily perform programming and experiments of various levels of complexity. Table l lists the basic structural units of the fuel cell test system.

　　3. Conclusion Engineers continue to apply new methods to fuel cell testing. They are constantly seeking reliable, accurate and flexible testing systems to help shorten the development cycle, improve fuel cell quality and reduce costs. to develop next-generation fuel cells. With the increasing pressure on the environment, government and consumers in the development of fuel cells, coupled with the huge investment from the government, the development and application of fuel cell testing systems will surely make greater progress.

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