Nickel Hydride No. 5 battery.Technical analysis of new energy vehicles: plug-in hybrid vs pure electric vs fuel

　　At present, my country classifies plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV, including EREV), pure electric vehicles (EV) and fuel cell vehicles (FCEV) as new energy vehicles, which respectively correspond to the transitional, mid-term and long-term automotive energy-saving and environmental protection technology routes; Ordinary hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) are considered energy-saving vehicles.

　　Hybrid vehicles have at least two power sources. Currently, most of them use traditional internal combustion engines and electric motors as power sources, and generally do not rely on external charging power sources. According to the different mixing degrees, it is divided into three types: micro-hybrid, medium-hybrid and full-hybrid. Different hybrid types have different fuel-saving effects and require different battery capacities and voltages. According to the connection mode of the power system, the hybrid power system is divided into three modes: series connection, parallel connection and hybrid connection.

　　Compared with ordinary hybrid systems, plug-in hybrid vehicles can be charged externally, have larger battery capacity, and can travel more than 50 kilometers in pure electric driving mode. After the battery is exhausted, they can then drive in hybrid mode. Plug-in hybrid is a parallel or hybrid type, which retains many traditional mechanical components and is more complex in structure; while series extended-range vehicles are beginning to be more popular due to their simpler structure and more efficient performance. Many vehicle manufacturers are paying attention.

　　Pure electric vehicles are powered by on-board power and the motor is used as the drive system, eliminating the need for a fuel tank, engine, transmission, cooling system and exhaust system. The layout of the power system is greatly simplified, and the energy conversion efficiency is higher. At the same time, compared with traditional vehicles, It has smaller environmental impact and has become the mid-term automotive energy-saving and environmentally friendly technology for various countries. However, it currently faces problems such as high battery cost, short cruising range, and long charging time. Because fuel cells can effectively avoid the problems of short cruising range and long charging time, they are expected to replace lithium battery pure electric vehicles in the long run.

　　China has determined the basic technical system of three vertical and three horizontal electric vehicles since the 10th Five-Year Plan. Currently, it is mainly promoting pure electric buses and small electric vehicles, and promoting the application of plug-in hybrids in the household car market. The core technologies of new energy vehicles are batteries, Motors and electronic controls, battery performance and cost, battery management systems and key motor components have become bottlenecks restricting the promotion of pure electric vehicles in China.

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