Let’s first briefly extract the master’s views:
1: Hydrogen energy will have disruptive applications in mobile power
generation and transportation energy application scenarios such as cars and
airplanes.
2: After mastering the rules of applying hydrogen energy, hydrogen energy
is safe enough. Safer than gasoline.
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3: The smog problem can be solved by establishing a hydrogen energy
utilization system.
4: Hydrogen energy is in its early stages in the United States, Japan, and
South Korea. Although hydrogen energy accounts for less than one ten thousandth
of the energy in these countries, "technical masters" believe that the
utilization of hydrogen energy in these countries is advanced and has made great
progress. contribute. China attaches great importance to the national strategy,
implements it at the local level, and is full of enthusiasm.
5: How can my country’s hydrogen energy industry make breakthroughs? A.
Promote the development of the entire hydrogen energy industry chain and lay out
hydrogen energy industry demonstration zones. B. Establish a major national
project on hydrogen energy and create an era of hydrogen energy heavy trucks. C.
Make full use of waste electricity to reduce hydrogen production costs.
Hydrogen energy is the safest, safer than gasoline. This is like saying
that hydrogen bombs kill people with less pain than bullet belts and are more
humane. Because the explosion of the hydrogen bomb was almost instantaneous, the
pain was gone before it reached the brain. Hydrogen catches fire more easily
than gasoline, and the fire spreads more severely. Once hydrogen gas leaks, it
will definitely cause combustion or explosion. If gasoline leaks in a collision,
it may not catch fire. "Technology masters" regard this as the best advantage,
so confusing right and wrong? Is this an advertisement for those who benefit
from the development of hydrogen energy?
This science and technology official's suggestions on how to develop
hydrogen energy are pertinent, measured and reasonable.
However, we should not vigorously promote hydrogen energy. Hydrogen energy
will only be used as a supplementary energy source in the future, not the main
energy source.
Current media reports and the views of some scientists regard hydrogen
energy as the future energy, or even the only clean energy in the future. This
is a very wrong idea and understanding. Although there were many voices of
opposition, they were drowned out by the fanaticism that had lost rational
thinking.
What if you break out of this fake trend of following others' opinions?
The first thing is to understand clearly, what do we need in the future?
What we need is energy. Such as electricity, oil and coal and other forms of
energy. And electricity is the best form of energy. If there is enough
electricity, why hydrogen?
Secondly, think clearly, where does the energy come from? According to the
2018 BP Energy Yearbook, at the current consumption rate of proven oil, gas and
coal reserves, oil reserves are only enough for 50 years, natural gas for 50.2
years, and coal for 134 years. When oil and natural gas are exhausted after 50,
the consumption rate of coal will intensify. That is, if there are no more
commercially exploited proven reserves. The fossil energy industry will
disappear within a hundred years. In the future, our only sources of energy will
be solar energy, nuclear energy and geothermal energy.
If you want to understand these two points, you will find that hydrogen
energy is a picked-up child among future energy sources. Hydrogen energy, like
electricity, is a secondary energy source. Currently, most energy sources are
already electrified. When the electrification of transportation vehicles is
completed, electric energy will be the main secondary energy source in the
future. The proportion of hydrogen energy will be very low. The reason why
hydrogen energy is needed is because the storage of electrical energy is a
headache.
Currently, photovoltaic power generation accounts for less than 1%, but it
is foreseeable that photovoltaic power generation will replace thermal power in
the next 30 years. The cost per kilowatt-hour of photovoltaic power generation
is lower than that of thermal power, but without sunlight, there is no
electricity, and electric energy needs to be stored. If photovoltaic power
generation accounts for more than 75%. Then hydropower and nuclear power will
not be able to bear the burden of energy storage and load adjustment. Therefore,
the broad view now is to enable hydrogen energy storage.
According to the views of "tech gurus" and some people, the electric energy
is used to hydrolyze hydrogen, then be stored, and then use fuel cells to
generate electricity. There are actually two sources of hydrogen. One is to
break C-H bonds, mainly extracted from hydrocarbon materials (petroleum, natural
gas, biomass, etc.), and the other is to produce hydrogen from the break of O-H
bonds, mainly water decomposition and electrolysis. Water splitting to produce
hydrogen is the most direct method, but research shows that it requires a
temperature above 2500K for water decomposition to be obvious. Considering the
high temperature resistance of materials and the limitations of hydrogen and
oxygen separation technology, direct water decomposition is currently
technically unfeasible. Electrolysis is a more feasible method. Of course, there
are more than 300 ways to produce solar chemical hydrogen. Both obtain hydrogen,
which is either inefficient as a storage energy medium.
The current large-scale, industrialized high-temperature electrolysis
hydrogen production efficiency is 75%, and the efficiency of the American
General Company's SPE method is even as high as 90%. Hydrogen fuel cells
theoretically achieve over 90% efficiency. It's actually between 60 and 80%. In
other words, if hydrogen energy is used as energy storage, the maximum
theoretical efficiency may reach 80%, and the current best technical efficiency
is typically about 45%. Put aside expensive electrolysis equipment, hydrogen
fuel cells and energy storage devices. This efficiency should not be low.
In this system, solar energy has been effectively stored in the process of
concentrating photothermal energy to produce carbon monoxide. Can solve the
power needs at night. The process of producing carbon dioxide and carbon
monoxide also stores some of the solar energy. It can then be converted into
media such as dimethyl ether and methanol that can be stored for a long time,
and the storage equipment requirements are lower than those of hydrogen.
What is the highest efficiency of such a system? There is currently no
engineering data. According to the annual efficiency of solar thermal power
generation, which can be as high as 19%, solar thermal energy storage is
definitely better than hydrogen energy, and dimethyl ether and methanol are also
better than hydrogen energy in mobile energy sources. (For related discussions,
see the author’s relevant articles).
Based on the above reasons, if we blindly emphasize promoting hydrogen
energy without considering the development of other forms of energy. It is
likely to delay the future energy transition. Moreover, the main energy source
in the future is electricity, followed by storable renewable energy (such as
solar heat, hydropower, biomass), then renewable secondary energy such as
dimethyl ether and methanol, and finally expensive hydrogen energy. Please
immediately stop using taxpayer dollars to subsidize hydrogen energy that has no
technical advantages in the first place.
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