R03 Carbon battery.What is photovoltaic technology?

　　The technology that converts solar energy directly into electrical energy is called photovoltaic power generation technology. Internationally, research on photovoltaic power generation technology has a history of more than 100 years. At present, this high-end energy product has matured. Our country began to research solar cells in 1958, and in 1971 it was successfully used for the first time on the Dongfanghong-2 satellite launched by our country. Solar cells began to be used on the ground in 1973. In 2002, relevant national departments launched the "Electricity Transmission to Townships Project" and installed photovoltaic power stations in nearly 800 rural areas without electricity in seven western provinces and regions. This project promoted the rapid development of my country's photovoltaic industry. By the end of 2004, my country's cumulative installed solar cell capacity had reached 65,000 kilowatts. Photovoltaic power generation is a technology that uses the photovoltaic effect at the semiconductor interface to directly convert light energy into electrical energy. The key component of this technology is the solar cell. Solar cells are connected in series and then packaged and protected to form a large-area solar cell module. Together with power controllers and other components, a photovoltaic power generation device is formed. The advantage of photovoltaic power generation is that it is less subject to geographical restrictions, because the sun shines on the earth; the photovoltaic system also has the advantages of safety, reliability, no noise, low pollution, no need to consume fuel and erect transmission lines, and can generate power on site and have a short construction period. Photovoltaic power generation is based on the principle of photovoltaic effect, using solar cells to directly convert sunlight energy into electrical energy. Whether used independently or connected to the grid for power generation, the photovoltaic power generation system mainly consists of three parts: solar panels (components), controllers and inverters. They are mainly composed of electronic components and do not involve mechanical parts. Therefore, photovoltaic power generation equipment Extremely refined, reliable, stable, long life, easy to install and maintain. Theoretically, photovoltaic power generation technology can be used in any situation that requires power, ranging from spacecrafts to household power supplies, to megawatt power stations, to toys as small as toys. Photovoltaic power sources are everywhere. The most basic component of solar photovoltaic power generation is solar cells (chips), including monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon and copper indium gallium selenide thin film cells. [Edit this paragraph] The development of photovoltaic power generation industry has been developing rapidly in the world in recent years. In 2007, the global newly installed solar capacity reached 2826MWp, of which Germany accounted for about 47%, Spain accounted for about 23%, Japan accounted for about 8%, and the United States accounted for about Accounted for 8%. In 2007, a large amount of investment in the solar photovoltaic industry chain was concentrated on the improvement of new production capacity. In addition, the amount of loan financing for solar photovoltaic companies increased by nearly 10 billion US dollars in 2007, making the scale of the industry continue to expand. Although Germany and Spain have reduced their support for solar photovoltaic power generation due to the financial crisis, policy support in other countries has been increasing year by year. The Japanese government released the "Solar Power Popularization Action Plan" in November 2008, determining that the development goal of solar power generation by 2030 is to reach 40 times that of 2005, and to reduce the price of solar battery systems after 3-5 years. to about half of the current level. In 2009, a subsidy of 3 billion yen was specially arranged to encourage the development of solar battery technology. On September 16, 2008, the U.S. Senate passed a tax reduction package, which extended the photovoltaic industry tax reduction policy (ITC) for 2-6 years. China is very rich in solar energy resources, with theoretical reserves reaching 1.7 trillion tons of standard coal per year. The potential for the development and utilization of solar energy resources is very broad. China's photovoltaic power generation industry started in the 1970s and entered a period of steady development in the mid-1990s. The output of solar cells and components has increased steadily year by year. After more than 30 years of hard work, it has ushered in a new stage of rapid development. Driven by national projects such as the "Bright Project" pilot project and the "Power Delivery to Rural Areas" project, as well as the world's photovoltaic market, China's photovoltaic power generation industry has developed rapidly.

　　Photovoltaic technology can directly convert the sun's light energy into electrical energy. Photovoltaic cells made with this technology are easy to use. Especially in recent years, the rapid development of micro-miniature semiconductor inverters has made their application faster. The United States, Japan, Europe and developing countries have all formulated huge photovoltaic technology development plans. The development direction is to greatly improve the conversion efficiency and stability of photovoltaic cells, reduce costs, and continuously expand the industry. At present, more than 80 countries and regions have formed commercial and semi-commercial production capabilities, with an average annual growth rate of 16%. Market development has shifted from space to ground system applications, and even used to drive transportation vehicles. According to reports, the global investment scale in developing and constructing solar homes (photovoltaic cells are used as roofs, exterior walls, windows and other building materials) is US$60 billion, and will double to US$120 billion by 2009. Photovoltaic technology-made photovoltaic cells are expected to Become a new energy source in the 21st century. The following shows photovoltaic technology, industry and market development trends according to their material classification.

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