The impact of low temperature on lithium batteries.CR2016 battery

　　The weather is cold, and many people find that the battery of their phones is quickly depleted when using them outside. Sometimes, they may also experience crashes and touch screen malfunctions. Experts remind that low temperatures have a significant impact on mobile phone batteries. When using mobile phones outside in cold weather, some methods can be used to improve battery durability.

　　Currently, mobile phone batteries are generally lithium batteries, and the chemical reaction rate of lithium batteries is affected by temperature. Prolonged exposure of mobile phones to low temperature environments can slow down battery chemical reactions, leading to a decrease in battery discharge current and a decrease in battery capacity. This may result in situations such as fast battery usage, black screens, crashes, touch screen malfunctions, and inability to access the internet. When entering a warm indoor environment from a cold outside, temperature changes may also cause water mist to condense inside the phone, resulting in circuit board short circuits or other malfunctions.

　　When going out in cold weather, try to keep your phone fully charged and reduce the running of power consuming programs such as playing games, watching movies, and listening to music. It is best to keep your phone in a relatively warm place such as a pocket or backpack. You can use headphones to make and answer calls, and try to avoid exposing your phone directly to cold air. Do not use your phone for long periods of time in low temperature environments. After entering indoors from outside, leave the phone for a period of time until the water mist evaporates before using it.

　　If the phone experiences temporary malfunctions when used in low temperature environments, it can be turned off and temporarily suspended, and then allowed to adapt to slightly higher temperatures for a while, which will improve the situation.

　　The working principle of lithium-ion batteries is to generate current by creating a potential difference between the positive and negative electrodes. In low-temperature environments, the electrolyte moves quite slowly, which affects the transfer activity of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes, leading to a decrease in battery charging and discharging performance.

　　Simply put, in a low-temperature environment, it is not that a lithium battery is truly dead, but rather that it is charged but cannot be released normally. According to analysis data, the capacity of a regular lithium battery will decrease by 20% at zero degrees Celsius, and may only be about half when it reaches minus 10 degrees Celsius. The normal operating range of most mobile phone batteries is between 0-35 degrees Celsius, and temperatures below or above this range may cause malfunctions. Low temperature is not good for lithium batteries, and if combined with low battery power, the damage will be even worse. Therefore, Apple has added a "self-protection" mechanism to protect lithium batteries - it automatically shuts down and cannot be turned on when encountering "low temperature+low battery power".

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