button battery cr1620

　　What is the industrial chain of button battery cr1620?

　　The lithium battery industry chain covers three main areas: upstream resources, midstream core materials and downstream battery assembly.

　　The key to the development of the lithium industry lies in materials and equipment technology. Lithium battery product technology is still relatively lagging behind in the entire material and equipment field, but the number of companies trying new technologies and quality paths is increasing. The Ministry of Communications also plans to introduce method standards for the lithium battery industry, accelerate the integration of the lithium battery industry, increase the concentration of the power battery industry, and help develop equipment and materials companies with mature and advanced paths.

　　  1. Upstream resources

　　 Lithium resources mainly consist of two parts. One is salt lake brine lithium. The lithium chemicals extracted from salt lake brine are mainly lithium carbonate and lithium chloride; the second is ore lithium. The lithium light products classified in the ore are mainly spodumene, lepidolite, etc. Most of the salt lake resources are located in South America (Bolivia, Chilean highlands) and China (Qinghai-Tibet Plateau). The salt lake resources in South America are basically controlled by the top three international lithium industries (SQM, FMC and Rockwood), and the three salt lake lithium giants account for the global lithium share. 62% of the market. Ore resources are mainly distributed in Australia, North America and China. Among them, Australia's Spudumen Mine has the highest grade and the largest reserves. Taylor Leeson controls lithium ion from the world's largest producing mine.

　　According to data from the United States Geological Survey (USGS), global lithium resource reserves in 2012 were 13 million tons, of which Chile had 7.5 million tons, a ratio of 57.7%, China had 3.5 million tons, a ratio of 26.9%, and Australia had 1 million tons. , the ratio is 7.7%, and Argentina is 850,000 tons, the ratio is 6.5%.

　　With the development of the lithium industry, many companies are currently mainly investing in the development of lithium resources, including Tibet Mining, China-Singapore National Security Bureau, Lushang Holdings, Western Mining and Salt Lake Group.

　　  1. Tibet Mining: The Zabuye Salt Lake mined by the company is one of the three largest lithium salt lakes in the world, ranking second in the world, with a resource potential value of 150 billion yuan. Tibet Mining is working hard to achieve the long-term goal of 25,000 tons of lithium carbonate series per year within 5 years.

　　  2. CITIC National Security Bureau: Qinghai National Security Bureau has a production capacity of 35,000 tons of lithium carbonate. The holding subsidiary League Guli (90%) owns 1,500 tons of lithium drill bits and 500 tons of lithium manganese oxide. The Qinghai Salt Resource Comprehensive Project developed by the company has a total lithium chloride resource reserve of 7.6385 million tons.

　　ˆ 2.2~3.89 g/L; CITIC National Security Bureau currently invests in the construction of a total of 20,000 tons of lithium carbonate projects.

　　3. Lushang Shares: The Longdali Industry in Ganzi Prefecture acquired by the company is the "No. 1 lithium mine in Asia" and the No. 134 mine of the Minjikariya Mine has the right to mine 5.114 million tons of lithium ore and controls nearly 30 million tons of lithium ore underground. The ore ranks first in the country, first in Asia and second in the world.

　　  2. Breakthrough in mid-stream core materials

　　 The performance is twice the original, the cost is twice the original, mainly depends on the material. More than 70% of battery cost is composed of materials, and battery performance is also determined by materials.

　　Should be composed of five parts: anode material, cathode material, electrolyte, diaphragm and packaging material. Among them, packaging materials and graphite cathode technologies are relatively mature, and the cost ratio is not high. The key materials of lithium-ion batteries are mainly cathode materials, electrolytes, and diaphragms. The cathode material is the decisive factor in the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries. The cost ratios of electrolyte and separator are 10% and 20% respectively, which are the main components of negative electrode materials accounting for more than 40% of the cost of button battery cr1620.

　　At present, China is self-sufficient in stages in four core material fields: bipolar materials, cathode materials and electrolytes. Only separator materials are heavily dependent on imports, but the development speed is also very fast.

　　Cathode material

　　The lithium battery cathode material market is mainly occupied by lithium diamond, ternary materials, lithium oxide, lithium iron phosphate and other products. According to statistics from Japan's lithium power industry research institute IIT, among China's lithium battery cathode materials, lithium diamondate accounts for 49%, ternary materials account for 22%, lithium manganese oxide accounts for 16%, lithium phosphate accounts for 6%, and other materials account for 7%. %.

　　 At present, the only commercial cathode material on the market is lithium drill bits. However, in terms of performance, lithium has high safety risks such as low drill times and low crystal thermal stability, and is only suitable for small batteries. Lithium phosphate has a cycle count of more than 2,000 times, is low-priced, non-toxic and environmentally friendly, and has better performance than ternary materials and lithium manganese oxide. Therefore, lithium-manganese ternary materials and lithium phosphate are the two mainstream technical directions in the battery field and super-capacity power.

　　 In the two mainstream directions, lithium iron phosphate is the main technology promoted in China, so the market is hot. This product, which attracted domestic attention in 1997, plans to invest 2 billion won in investigation in the second year. But industrialization is still in its early stages. There are 60 to 70 domestic companies that have completed the purchase of lithium phosphate production lines, with a total annual production capacity of nearly 20,000 tons. However, there are only more than 10 industrialized mass-producers, and the production scale is small, and the rest are in the trial production stage or pilot production stage.

　　Lithium manganese oxide ternary composite materials are the main technology promoted by Japan and South Korea. They have considerable cost advantages. Therefore, the international and domestic market share has increased in recent years, but there is also a phenomenon of insufficient construction in our country.

　　Unlike South Korea, which focuses on developing batteries using lithium manganese oxide and ternary substances as two poles, the United States mainly develops power batteries using lithium iron phosphate as the cathode material. U.S. lithium iron phosphate battery manufacturer representatives a123systems (Nasdaq3360aone) and Valence (Nasdaq3360vlnc). In recent years, these companies have successively invested in China, built factories, saved costs, and actively explored China's downstream market.

　　 There are very few new construction and proposed projects studying lithium, the market share has declined, and the industry has entered a period of shrinkage. Two mainstream products, lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganese oxide ternary materials in the fields of electric vehicles and energy storage, will rapidly increase market demand. But there is still time to check who will dominate the cathode materials of future batteries.

　　Cathode material

　　 World-class lithium cathode material production capabilities are mainly concentrated in China and Japan, showing obvious development trends of regional concentration and enterprise concentration. Japan, through Mitsubishi Chemical, Hitachi Chemical, Niu Chemical, etc., assumes the production capacity of the country's main cathode materials. Japan's major cathode material companies have also transferred their production capabilities to China, which is rich in graphite resources, in order to be close to resources and reduce manufacturing costs.

　　  In 2012, the total market size of China's cathode materials was 2.08 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 15.3%.

　　  Among them, natural graphite is 726 million yuan, artificial graphite (except MCMB) is 1.061 billion yuan, and other cathode materials such as medium-phase carbon microspheres and lithium titanate are 221 million yuan.

　　 With the expansion of scale, the supply of cathode materials gradually becomes excessive, and the price shows a downward trend. As the number of cathode material manufacturers gradually increases, in order to gain market share, newly imported cathode material companies tend to adopt low-cost strategies. The supply industry is oversupplied, the market share of downstream customer centers is concentrated, and the market share of small deep factories shrinks. Cathode material companies The negotiation ability of downstream buyers has further improved.

　　Electrolytes

　　  The main raw material of the electrolyte is lithium hexafluorophosphate, which accounts for about 50% of the cost of the electrolyte. At present, the market is mainly monopolized by several Japanese companies such as Kanto Denchemical Industry, Stella, and Morita Chemical, accounting for about 85% of global capabilities.

　　 In recent years, China has made breakthroughs in lithium hexafluorophosphate production technology. Currently, inland companies producing mass products include Tianjin Niu Niu, Tutu, Jiujiu District, Guangzhou Tianhui, Chengdu Huangming Energy, Hubei Hongyuan Pharmaceutical, etc. Most downstream electrolyte companies believe that the physical and chemical indicators of lithium hexafluorophosphate from Illustration and Jiujiu long-term companies are close to those of Japanese and Korean companies.

　　 The quality of domestic lithium hexafluorophosphate is close to that of imported products, and the price advantage of domestic lithium hexafluorophosphate is obvious. The price of domestically produced lithium hexafluorophosphate is 15% cheaper than imported lithium hexafluorophosphate. Lithium hexafluorophosphate, the main cost source of electrolytes, is a favorable factor for Chinese companies, because in order to reduce costs, electrolyte manufacturers can only choose suppliers with suitable price/performance ratio.

　　China's top five lithium battery electrolyte manufacturers Changgang Huaying, Dongguan Fren, Shenzhen Hsinchu, Tianjin Niu, and Guangzhou Tianhui basically use Tianjin Niu and Guangzhou Tianhui using self-generated lithium hexafluorophosphate, and the remaining three have begun to use small quantities Use domestic lithium hexafluorophosphate. It is expected that my country's lithium hexafluorophosphate output will reach more than 90% in 2015.

　　  China has abundant fluorite resources and is the largest fluorine chemical production base in the world, providing a good industrial foundation for the development of lithium hexafluorophosphate in my country. Based on the domestic lithium hexafluorophosphate market, the global market share of domestic electrolyte companies such as domestic Huaying, Dongguan Firson, and Hsinchu Guo has increased. More importantly, Graphics, Jiulong, and Hubei Hongyuan have mastered the core manufacturing technology of lithium hexafluorophosphate, and these production products have been recognized by domestic electrolyte manufacturers.

　　 Chinese companies are expanding the field of lithium hexafluorophosphate, and Korean, Chinese and Japanese companies are also actively deploying in China.

　　Diaphragm

　　 The production of diaphragms is the most difficult and the most profitable. The main function of button battery cr1620 is to prevent the anode and cathode from short-circuiting, and at the same time provide electrical channels for ion transport during charging and discharging. At present, polypropylene, polyethylene single microporous membranes and multi-layer microporous membranes composed of the two are commonly used as separators. The future development direction is thinner and safer.

　　The supply of lithium battery diaphragms is highly concentrated and heavily dependent on imports. The main technology of diaphragms is in the hands of a few companies, with a high degree of concentration. Overseas diaphragm production is mainly concentrated in Selgard Company of the United States and Asahi, Dongyan and AIA of Japan. Due to high technical barriers and high investment risks, domestic companies are not very enthusiastic about investing.

　　  Places that can only produce lithium battery diaphragms in China include Foshan Jinhuizi (a subsidiary of Bu Plastics Co., Ltd.), New Shangri-Laine, Shenzhen Mingxingjiang, etc. The quality of their products is still very different from similar foreign products. Among them, Foshan Jinhui's products are of relatively good quality and are supplied to the mid- to low-end market. The domestic market in the central and western parts of the country is mainly monopolized by Dongyan, Asahika and Selgaard. Foshan Jinhui's products are mainly used in the mid-to-low-end market, but the total sales profit is still over 60%.

　　 3. Downstream power battery production

　　In 2012, the market size of finished lithium battery packs in new energy vehicles, grid energy storage, special vehicles, communication base stations and other fields was 3.5 billion won, an increase of 34.6% from 2.6 billion won in 2011.

　　  PM2.5 has set off a craze for environmental protection and strengthened my country's efforts to develop new energy vehicles. But the popularity of new energy vehicles is concentrated on city buses and taxis. Due to high prices, lithium battery private cars and electric motorcycles have relatively low sales and have not yet been accepted in the market.

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