Introduction to the technical parameters, advantages and disadvantages of
UPS lead-acid batteries. The quality of UPS batteries is directly related to the
reliability of the entire UPS system. However, the battery is the device with
the shortest mean time between failures (MTBF) in the entire UPS system. If the
user can use and maintain it correctly, it can extend its service life.
Otherwise, its service life will be significantly shortened. The types of
batteries are generally divided into lead-acid batteries, lead-acid
maintenance-free batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries.
UPS lead-acid battery technical parameters
UPS lead-acid battery is one of the most important equipment in an energy
storage power station. The cost accounts for about 80% of the system. The
technical parameters of the battery are very important to the system design. The
following uses lead-carbon lead-acid battery as an example to explain the key
parameters of the battery such as capacity. , discharge depth, number of cycles,
etc. When selecting and designing batteries and inverters, pay attention to the
maximum charge and discharge current of the battery.
1. Battery capacity
The capacity of a UPS battery is determined by the amount of active
material in the battery, which is usually expressed in Ah or mAh. For example,
the nominal capacity of 250Ah (10hr, 1.80V/cell, 25℃) refers to the capacity
released by discharging at a current of 25A for 10 hours at 25℃ to reduce the
voltage of a single battery to 1.80V.
2. Rated voltage
The potential difference between the positive and negative terminals of a
UPS battery is called the rated voltage of the battery. Common lead-acid
batteries have three rated voltages: 2V, 6V, and 12V. A single lead-acid battery
is 2V, and a 12V battery is made up of six single batteries connected in
series.
3. Maximum charge and discharge current
UPS lead-acid batteries are bidirectional and have two states, charging and
discharging. This current is limited. Different batteries have different maximum
charging and discharging currents. The battery charging current is generally
expressed as a multiple of the battery capacity C. For example, if the battery
capacity C=100Ah and the charging current is 0.15C, it is 0.15×100=15A.
4. Discharge depth and cycle life
During the use of UPS batteries, the percentage of capacity released by the
battery to its rated capacity is called the depth of discharge. The depth of
discharge has a close relationship with the battery life. The deeper the depth
of discharge, the shorter the charging life. The UPS battery undergoes one
charge and discharge, which is called a cycle. Under certain discharge
conditions, the number of cycles that the UPS battery can withstand before the
battery reaches a certain specified capacity value is called cycle life.
UPS batteries have different cycle times. The traditional fixed lead-acid
battery has a cycle life of about 500 to 600 times; the starting lead-acid
battery has a cycle life of about 300 to 500 times; and the valve-regulated
sealed lead-acid battery has a cycle life of 1000 to 1200 times. The deeper the
daily discharge depth of the battery during long-term operation, the shorter the
battery life; the shallower the discharge depth, the longer the battery
life.
5. Battery energy
The energy of the battery refers to the electrical energy that the battery
can provide under a certain discharge system, usually expressed in watt-hours
(Wh). The energy of the battery is divided into theoretical energy and actual
energy. The energy of the UPS battery is also related to the temperature. The
lower the temperature, the lower the activity of the battery and the lower the
capacity. For example, at minus 20 degrees, the capacity is 60%, at zero
degrees, the capacity is 82%, and at 40 degrees, the capacity is 106%.
Introduction to the advantages and disadvantages of UPS batteries
As a device for storing electrical energy, UPS lead-acid batteries have the
characteristics of high electromotive potential energy, good charge and
discharge reversibility, wide operating temperature range, rich and cheap raw
materials, etc., and have been widely used. Although lead-acid batteries have
these advantages, they are still in data In the center, the large-scale
application of lead-acid batteries has also exposed its shortcomings. Its weight
causes load-bearing problems in the machine room, high maintenance requirements,
relatively short life, and is also rich in toxicity.
●High maintenance costs
The batteries used in current UPS products are often called
"maintenance-free lead-acid batteries." In fact, they need to be inspected at
least twice a year to ensure that they are corrosion-free, in good working
order, and that the connections between individual batteries are tight.
●Unforeseen hidden dangers in reliability
In order to ensure the reliability of UPS batteries, the only way is to
monitor the batteries. However, each test of a battery reduces its capacity and
shortens its lifespan. While most modern UPS built-in battery testing solutions
can reduce this wear and tear, they do not eliminate it.
●High replacement cost
The service life of sealed lead-acid batteries is generally 4 to 5 years,
while the service life of UPS is generally 2 to 3 times that of them. Therefore,
in a complete life cycle of UPS, the data center needs to spend the cost of
replacing the battery pack in the early stage. in the budget.
●Low energy density
UPS lead-acid batteries are relatively heavy and large. The battery pack of
a typical medium-sized UPS is about 5 to 8 tons. The placement and load-bearing
issues need to be considered.
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