The inner tank is the heart of the solar water heater, and its
characteristics affect the overall life of the product. It is understood that
because stainless steel liner technology is easy to implement and the cost of
production equipment and research and development is low, most products on the
market use stainless steel liner. However, due to the limitations of the
industry's technical level, defects such as stainless steel liner being easy to
corrode, easy to collapse, and having poor pressure-bearing performance have not
been solved. The enamel liner has the characteristics of pressure-bearing
durability, anti-corrosion, anti-absorption, and clean water quality. It has
been popularized in the field of electric water heaters and also provides
reference for the upgrade of solar liner.
Development history of water heater liner
Water tank anti-corrosion technology is very important for water heaters.
The development history of water heater liner is a history of the development of
water tank anti-corrosion technology. When we walked into the electric water
heater counter in the mall, we saw many types of liner such as titanium liner,
gold liner, blue steel liner, and enamel liner. In fact, these liners basically
use enamel technology. They are just given different names by the manufacturers
to reflect a differentiated selling point. So far, the water heater liner has
gone through three generations, from the original galvanized steel liner to the
stainless steel liner and then to the enamel liner.
1. The first generation inner tank is galvanized and copper plate inner
tank. Its characteristics include a thin protective layer, no anti-rust
treatment, easy scaling, and short service life. Popularity is now basically
extinct.
2. The second generation inner tank is a stainless steel inner tank. Its
characteristics are good material and not easy to rust, but the biggest hidden
danger is the welding seam. There are two ring-shaped welds and one straight
weld on the inner tank. A cross-joint is formed between the welds. The original
composition of the stainless steel at this joint is seriously damaged and is
easily corroded by chloride ions in tap water, which brings serious consequences
to the water quality. pollute. Popularity status Currently, stainless steel
liner is almost extinct in both the domestic and international markets; as solar
heaters are transitioning from the popularization period of stainless steel
liner to the promotion period of enamel liner, the market share of stainless
steel liner is still relatively large.
3. The third generation inner tank: enamel inner tank. Its characteristics
are enamel on the surface of the thickened cylinder liner. The enamel material
is mostly metal or silicide. With seamless welding technology, it can withstand
a wide range of temperature changes, generally from minus 60°C to above zero
450°C. range of changes and can withstand sudden changes in high temperature. In
terms of physical properties, it is compressive, tensile, elastic, electrically
insulating, and pollution-free; in terms of chemical properties, it is
acid-resistant, alkali-resistant, high-temperature-resistant, and
water-vapor-resistant. All kinds of ions cannot penetrate its surface layer,
which can effectively ensure water quality. pollute.
It can be seen from this that the birth of enamel liner in the field of
electric water heaters is a long process. From galvanized sheet liner, to
stainless steel liner, and then to enamel liner. At present, enamel liners have
become mainstream products in domestic and foreign markets. Among them, the
development history of electric water heater liner is longer, with a history of
decades or even hundreds of years. At present, stainless steel liners have
almost disappeared in both the domestic and international markets, and enamel
liners are widely popular. Due to the limitations of the development stage of
solar water heaters, most companies use stainless steel liner, which has certain
advantages in the application of non-pressure solar water heaters and has a
large market share.
Enamel liner is a high-tech product. By enamel plating on the surface of
the thickened steel plate, it can withstand a wide range of temperature changes,
generally ranging from minus 60°C to above zero 450°C, and can withstand sudden
changes in high temperature. In terms of physical properties, it is compressive,
tensile, elastic, electrically insulating, and pollution-free; in terms of
chemical properties, it is acid-resistant, alkali-resistant,
high-temperature-resistant, and water-vapor-resistant. All kinds of ions cannot
penetrate its surface layer, which can effectively ensure water quality.
pollute.
In the past two years, the market share of enamel-lined solar cells has
increased rapidly, especially in the split pressure-bearing solar engineering
market. It has shown outstanding performance and has attracted more and more
attention from manufacturers and real estate developers, becoming the first
choice product for pressure-bearing projects. In the future development of the
solar water heater industry, pressure-bearing applications will dominate the
market. Due to the limitations of the industry's development stage, the industry
has now reached the stage of popularization of stainless steel liners and is in
urgent need of transition to the stage of enamel liners.
Integration must first solve the problem of pressure
In recent years, the country has vigorously promoted green energy-saving
buildings, and the utilization of solar energy has become an important part, and
urban high-rise buildings and villa areas have become important application
areas. However, many companies have encountered some resistance when promoting
solar energy in urban areas, and some property management companies have banned
the installation of solar energy on the grounds that it affects aesthetics.
Split solar energy is a comprehensive energy-saving and environmentally
friendly product that is suitable for a variety of architectural styles. It can
be used as an embellishment of architectural aesthetics and complies with
national policy requirements for green energy-saving buildings. It is an
indispensable technology for urban energy-saving buildings and an ideal
supporting product for real estate developers. . However, to promote the
integration of solar energy and buildings and promote split solar energy, we
must first solve the pressure problem. Especially for urban high-rise and small
high-rise users, due to installation location restrictions, non-pressure solar
water heaters can no longer meet the needs of these customers.
Practice has proved that the enamel liner is the best pressure-bearing
liner, but the enamel technology is limited by the industrial development stage.
The solar water heater industry started late. Most manufacturers in the industry
are emerging companies. They have not experienced the development stage of
electric water heaters and lack mature enamel liner technology. However, the
enamel liner has high technological content, large investment scale and complex
process. Only after many years of development and testing can an excellent
enamel liner be developed.
Enamel liner becomes the first choice for pressure-bearing applications
Many solar water heater companies have tried to produce enamel liners, but
they have not been successful due to factors such as large investment, slow
returns, difficulty in breaking through in enamel technology, and unstable
performance. The production of enamel liners is far from as simple as stainless
steel liners. The research and development and production of enamel liners
requires internationally advanced enamel raw materials, enamel equipment, and
years of research and development. It also requires enterprises to have strong
financial strength, technical strength, marketing strength, and also Consider
whether the input-output ratio is affordable.
The enamel liner is mainly composed of two raw materials: porcelain layer
and special enamel steel plate. The choice of enamel steel plate is very picky.
Its expansion coefficient must match that of the enamel. If the difference
between the two coefficients is too large, cracks will appear on the surface of
the enamel. Only after years of repeated research and development, the optimal
ratio parameters of steel plate, enamel, enamel temperature and enamel time were
truly found.
Ordinary stainless steel liner is generally about 0.5mm thick, or even
lower. It has better effect in non-pressure-bearing applications, but is prone
to collapse in pressure-bearing applications. The enamel liner uses all imported
equipment, the enamel powder uses imported materials, and the steel plate uses
BTC340R high-quality steel plate. Both the thickness of the steel plate and the
thickness of the enamel are 4 to 5 times that of the stainless steel liner. The
ordinary stainless steel liner can be deformed by pressing the hand, but the
enamel liner will not deform even if four adults stand on it. This is the
function of the high-thickness steel plate, which effectively ensures that the
water tank will not collapse.
The international standard for the pressure-bearing index of the enamel
liner stipulates that the pressure resistance of the enamel liner is above 10kg,
and our own test data is much higher than the international standard. American
standards require that the enamel liner can withstand 100,000 fatigue tests.
Australia requires more than 250,000 times. The stainless steel liner has a
service life of only a few years, while the enamel liner can be used for at
least 15 years. The popularization of enamel lining has become the development
direction of the solar water heater industry, especially in the current
integrated application of solar energy and buildings.
Some solar energy companies have also tried to produce enamel inner pots,
but the investment in enamel inner pots is large, the output benefits are not
obvious in the short term, and they may even fail. Many companies have returned
without any effort. Nowadays, many solar energy companies are actively expanding
international trade and have achieved some results. When many foreign
businessmen purchase solar water heating systems, they will clearly specify that
they need an enamel pressure-bearing inner tank. Most of the current electric
water heater manufacturers have enamel liner technology, and solar energy
companies can cooperate with them to jointly promote pressure-bearing solar
energy. In this way, for the company itself, it can ensure the smooth progress
of large-scale projects; for water heater companies, it can promote the
popularization of pressure-bearing liner; for society, it can promote green
energy-saving buildings and form a good social effect.
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