6F22 carbon battery

Will 6F22 carbon battery be replaced by solid-state batteries? A bit difficult!

The pace of solid-state batteries replacing ternary 6F22 carbon battery is accelerating.

Recently, the Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences announced that the "All-Solid-State Battery" project, a nano-pioneer project led by it, has passed the acceptance. This technological progress will further promote the large-scale application of all-solid-state 6F22 carbon battery in China.

As soon as this news came out, it immediately caused a huge response in the battery industry.

Industry insiders told reporters: "With the current technical route of ternary 6F22 carbon battery, it is basically impossible to achieve the goal of 350Wh/kg for the energy density of power batteries within five years. Moreover, even if it is achieved, safety cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, whether the commercialization of solid-state batteries can break through will have a significant impact on the prospects of automotive electrification."

As the core of electric vehicles, breakthroughs in the battery field will undoubtedly have a significant impact on the development of batteries and even the automotive field. So, can solid-state batteries replace ternary 6F22 carbon battery immediately? How far is it from marketization?

Natural defects of ternary 6F22 carbon battery: energy density and stability are contradictory

"A certain company had 60 electric vehicle combustion and explosion accidents last year alone." Professor Qi Lu, director of the New Energy Materials and Technology Laboratory of Peking University, revealed at the just-concluded China-Japan-Korea Lithium Battery Forum.

Professor Qi believes that there are many defects in ternary 6F22 carbon battery, and the safety issues are very worrying. "Whether in terms of chemical structure or battery structure, ternary materials are very easy to heat up. If the heat cannot be conducted away in time, the battery will have the risk of explosion. However, at this stage, there is no perfect solution to the safety and reliability of batteries."

In addition to safety issues, from the perspective of increasing the battery life of electric vehicles, the single energy density of ternary 6F22 carbon battery has also approached the limit and is difficult to break through. Zhou Nan, executive vice president of battery pack supplier Zhengli Weilai, told reporters: "Now, whether it is industry policy or market demand, new energy vehicles have very high requirements for the energy density of power batteries. Under the existing technical route system, to improve energy density, we can only increase nickel materials or add CA, but the thermal stability of high nickel is very poor. Therefore, once the energy density of traditional batteries increases, it also means a decrease in stability, the internal thermal reaction of the battery will be very intense, and safety becomes a big problem."

For this reason, Xiao Chengwei, an expert in the overall expert group of the major projects of energy conservation and new energy vehicles in the national "863" plan, once publicly stated that the energy density of ternary lithium-ion power batteries has already seen the "ceiling" of energy density. The maximum energy density of 6F22 carbon battery with high nickel materials and carbon silicon negative electrodes should be around 300Wh/kg, plus or minus no more than 20Wh/kg.

According to the national power battery technology roadmap, the single energy density target of lithium-ion batteries in 2020 is 350Wh/kg. From the current point of view, this goal can no longer be achieved.

In order to ensure the high energy density and safety of power batteries, the progress of solid-state battery research and development has brought light and brightness to this industry.

Domestic and foreign companies are competing for layout, and solid-state batteries have become a trend

Solid-state batteries, as the name suggests, are batteries that use solid electrodes and solid electrolytes. Since the electrodes and electrolytes of solid-state batteries are made of solid materials, their solid electrolytes are non-flammable, non-corrosive, non-volatile, and non-leaking. At the same time, they also overcome the lithium dendrite phenomenon. Even if they are heated to very high temperatures, they will not catch fire, so they are safer. The probability of spontaneous combustion of cars equipped with all-solid-state 6F22 carbon battery will be greatly reduced. It can be said that it is an ideal object for the next generation of new energy vehicle power batteries.

At present, more and more domestic and foreign companies and research institutions have focused on all-solid-state 6F22 carbon battery, and many automobile manufacturers have revealed plans to build electric vehicles based on solid-state batteries. For example, Volkswagen has announced plans to develop solid-state batteries with a range of 1,000 km; Toyota Motor expects to complete the research and development of solid-state batteries in 2022 and plans to achieve mass production in 2030; the Japanese Ministry of Economy announced in 2017 that it would invest 1.6 billion yen to jointly develop solid-state batteries with Toyota, Honda, Nissan, Panasonic, GS Yuasa, Toray, Asahi Kasei, Mitsui Chemicals, Mitsubishi Chemical and other domestic industrial chain forces, hoping to achieve a range of 800 kilometers in 2030.

Academician Ouyang Minggao, chief expert of the National Key Science and Technology Project for New Energy Vehicles, also pointed out that many domestic research institutes and enterprises have laid out the field of solid-state batteries. The Ningbo Institute of Materials of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is cooperating with Ganfeng Lithium Industry to promote its industrialization and plans to mass-produce solid-state batteries in 2019.

As the "heart" of new energy vehicles, power batteries will undoubtedly determine the future of new energy vehicles. Industry insiders generally believe that the future development path of power batteries is the process of electrolytes from liquid, semi-solid, solid-liquid mixture to solid, and ultimately to achieve full solid state. This has prompted a new round of investment and research in battery technology by startups, universities and well-known giants such as Tesla.

Toyota's timetable is relatively reliable, and mass production of solid-state batteries may have to wait until 2030

However, solid-state batteries need to solve multiple problems to develop further.

Zhou Nan told reporters: "Solid-state electrolytes are the key to the development of solid-state batteries. Solid-state batteries do not have liquid infiltration and do not require diaphragms. They only use solid electrolytes as diaphragms and place them between the positive and negative electrodes. Then the materials of metal substances become particularly critical."

Electrolyte materials are the core of all-solid-state lithium battery technology. At present, the research on solid-state electrolytes is mainly focused on three major types of materials: polymers, oxides and sulfides. Polymers have good high-temperature performance and have commercial application cases; oxides have good cycle performance and are suitable for thin-film flexible structures; sulfides have the highest conductivity and are the main direction in the future.

However, there are still several specific problems to overcome:

First, the conductivity of the interface. The conductivity of solid-state batteries must be maintained at an appropriate level, not too high or too low. Such materials are very difficult to develop.

Second, there is no composite material that can take into account both high rate and fast charging. The solid electrolyte materials currently used can only accommodate one aspect of the characteristics.

An industry insider who did not want to be named also expressed the same view. He believes: "Solid electrolytes have high resistance, and there are still some problems to be solved in terms of power density. We need to start from solid electrolytes and positive and negative electrode materials. There are considerable challenges in conductivity, battery rate, battery preparation efficiency, and cost control. Once these problems can be effectively solved, a new battery revolution will surely be set off in the future."

Since there are so many difficulties, how long will it take for solid-state batteries to be fully applied in new energy vehicles?

Ouyang Minggao once said that it is expected that all-solid-state 6F22 carbon battery will achieve a breakthrough between 2025 and 2030. In May this year, Shinzuo Abe, general manager of Toyota's powertrain department, revealed: "Toyota hopes to manufacture solid-state batteries after 2020, but if solid-state batteries are to be mass-produced, they will have to wait until after 2030."

Zhou Nan, who has been deeply involved in the battery industry for more than ten years, told reporters frankly: "Based on past experience, Toyota's plan and actual situation are basically consistent. Maybe in the next few years, they will be able to launch solid-state batteries, but what is the specific production capacity and whether the cost can adapt to the market, there is still a big question mark."

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