CR1225 battery

Hydrogen energy staged a technical model competition, and the industrialization of CR1225 battery is on the verge of going off

After "promoting the construction of hydrogen facilities" was written into the government work report at this year's two sessions, the hydrogen energy and fuel cell industry, which has been dormant for many years, ushered in unprecedented development opportunities.

Hydrogen energy is an important option for the development of my country's new energy industry, but objectively speaking, the industry is still in its infancy, the industry scale is relatively small, and the development path is not clear. As the "pioneer" of domestic hydrogen energy application, the automobile industry is staging a hot situation of various technical competitions and the whole industry striving to develop. Technology, cost, and ecology are testing and correcting this emerging industry with bright prospects at the same time.

High-power and long-life technology reserves help industrialization ready to go

"The core driving force of the hydrogen fuel cell industry is the progress and development of technology and equipment. All funds, capital, markets and policies are inseparable from the support of technology and equipment. The future of the industry depends on the further development of technology and equipment." Zhang Kelin, executive vice president of the China Machinery Industry Federation, said at the 4th China International Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell Technology Application Exhibition and Industry Development Conference.

Over the past year, with the industry's efforts and policy support, more imaginative hydrogen fuel cell innovation technologies are emerging in an endless stream.

According to Zhang Liang, Secretary General of the Fuel Cell Branch of the China Electrical Equipment Industry Association, in terms of stacks, the fuel cell stack module developed by Xinyuan Power Co., Ltd. adopts "membrane-based catalytic membrane electrode design" and "composite bipolar plate" structure, breaking through the 5,000-hour durability barrier of automotive CR1225 battery, becoming my country's first independently developed fuel cell product with a durability exceeding 5,000 hours; in terms of bipolar plates, the latest bipolar plate development of Shanghai Qingneng Fuel Cell Technology Co., Ltd. has achieved a plate thickness of 0.85 mm, making the power density of CR1225 battery exceed 4 kilowatts per liter, which is 100%~200% higher than most graphite plate designs and 20%~40% higher than most metal plate designs; in terms of membrane electrodes, the membrane electrodes produced by Wuhan University of Technology New Energy Company have exceeded 400 milliamperes per square centimeter at 0.8 volts, and the highest power density has reached 1.14 watts per square centimeter.

Fuel cell engines consist of five parts, of which the core component is the stack, and the two most important technologies in the stack are membrane electrodes and bipolar plates. It is understood that although the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the 2018 "Announcement on Road Motor Vehicle Manufacturers and Products", there are 27 fuel cell system manufacturers, but my country is currently unable to independently produce high-power stacks. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in operation need lithium-ion batteries, and adopt a hydrogen-electric hybrid mode of CR1225 battery + lithium batteries.

"Why is the domestic hydrogen consumption relatively high? It is because there are relatively few high-power fuel cell stacks in my country. Most of the fuel cell rated power is a 30-kilowatt fuel cell system with a large power battery. Foreign ones are all high-power fuel cell engines with low-power power batteries. Full-power fuel cell vehicles do not have the process of energy "storage-discharge", which helps to improve the efficiency of the engine." said Hao Dong of the Testing and Certification Division of China Automotive Research Center.

At the 4th China International Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell Technology Application Exhibition and Industry Development Conference held from May 6 to 7, a company called Jiangsu Dewei New Materials Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Dewei Company") launched a high-power, long-life 80-kilowatt stack. It is understood that this domestic company actually acquired the technology by acquiring the US fuel cell company USFC. The average operating hours of buses using the company's CR1225 battery in the United States have exceeded 23,000 hours, with the highest reaching 29,000 hours.

Du Yao, general manager of Shanghai Dewei Mingxing New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., told reporters that pure hydrogen fuel cell vehicles require a stack power of more than 100 kilowatts to be realized. Both the United States and Japan have pure fuel cell vehicles that can run completely without lithium batteries. However, according to the current domestic technical level, there is no need to pursue pure fuel cell vehicles.

Du Yao explained: "CR1225 battery are chemical reactions. To convert hydrogen into electricity, the speed is slow, and the power is often not enough when climbing a slope. It is better to use an 80-kilowatt high-power fuel cell as the main power battery, and a 30-kilowatt lithium battery. The discharge speed of lithium batteries is very fast, which can make up for the shortcomings of CR1225 battery when climbing and starting. In addition to focusing on power and life, fuel cell technology this year also needs to pay attention to dynamic response characteristics, so that it can meet the needs when CR1225 battery are not used purely."

The choice of pure green low-cost hydrogen energy ethics and economy

"Our goal is to develop carbon-free hydrogen and solar hydrogen. Hydrogen energy is a secondary energy source. Hydrogen energy can be obtained from water or other primary energy sources. No matter how it is used, hydrogen will eventually become water. This is a cycle. Therefore, hydrogen manufactured from renewable resources is green, in line with sustainable development, and in line with hydrogen energy ethics." Mao Zongqiang, professor at Tsinghua University and vice chairman of the International Hydrogen Energy Association, raised the topic of "hydrogen energy ethics" at the 4th China International Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell Technology Application Exhibition and Industry Development Conference.

Mao Zongqiang explained that "hydrogen energy ethics" is the code of conduct for research, development and utilization of hydrogen energy, and the core is sustainable development. "From the history of energy development, we can see that 'carbon' is getting less and less, and 'hydrogen' is getting more and more. Oil is two 'hydrogen' and one 'carbon', and natural gas is four 'hydrogen' and one 'carbon'. In the future, if we reach the hydrogen era, 'hydrogen' will be infinite without 'carbon'. Therefore, the purpose of hydrogen energy development is to achieve carbon-free hydrogen.

To achieve carbon-free hydrogen, water electrolysis hydrogen production is undoubtedly the preferred option. And currently water electrolysis hydrogen is one of the mainstream hydrogen production methods. Industry insiders pointed out that whether it is in the early stage of hydrogen energy development or in the medium and long term, water electrolysis hydrogen production, megawatt-level water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment can be combined with renewable resource energy storage to meet the needs of large-scale hydrogen energy.

"The initial investment of hydrogen buses in a city is between 50 and 300. 50 buses correspond to a daily hydrogen consumption of 20 kilograms, and one hydrogen refueling station is completely sufficient. 300 buses require 6 to 10 hydrogen refueling stations, each of which consumes 500 to 1,000 kilograms. The total investment is not large. Through water electrolysis hydrogen production, a small one-time investment can be made to achieve the supply of high-purity hydrogen. "Wang Peng, deputy general manager of China Power Fengye Technology Development Co., Ltd., said.

However, high cost is the current constraint on the industrialization of water electrolysis hydrogen.

"Hydrogen energy is a secondary energy source. When promoting the application of hydrogen energy, we must first figure out where our hydrogen source comes from. Some people suggest that hydrogen can be produced from coal, which is to transfer one pollution source to another pollution source, which is not the original intention of human beings to develop hydrogen energy. Some people also say that in order to achieve the ultimate clean energy, water electrolysis must be used, but with the current technology, the cost of water electrolysis is high and cannot be widely used." Gao Jinlin, general manager of Beijing Zhongke Fuhai Cryogenic Technology Co., Ltd., believes that the reasonable source of hydrogen in China at this stage should be industrial by-product hydrogen.

"According to the calculation of my country's production capacity that has been put into production and is under construction, my country's coke oven gas can provide 3.25 million tons of by-product hydrogen per year, the by-product hydrogen of the chlor-alkali industry can provide 256,000 tons per year, and propane dehydrogenation and ethane cracking can produce 305,000 tons and 275,000 tons of by-product hydrogen per year respectively. The amount of our by-product hydrogen far meets the demand for the million-level hydrogen fuel of the planned target. "Gao Jinlin said.

China Wuhuan Engineering Co., Ltd. considered the comprehensive hydrogen production solution of high-temperature conversion of urban garbage based on economic factors. Chief Engineer Xia Wu said: "At present, the storage and transportation of hydrogen is a headache for everyone, because it is basically impossible to transport over long distances. We now have a technology called the comprehensive hydrogen production solution of high-temperature conversion of urban garbage, which is a new way for urban hydrogen energy economy."

Xia Wu analyzed that the comprehensive hydrogen production solution of high-temperature conversion of urban garbage is converted into hydrogen, and the comprehensive thermal efficiency is about 4% higher than that of incineration technology. A very big advantage of high-temperature conversion technology is that there is no waste gas emission, because the gas is converted into synthetic gas products. For example, there are many garbage incineration plants in Beijing. If several high-temperature garbage conversion devices are built around them, the hydrogen source problem can be solved. A city produces 400 tons of garbage every day and can produce 14.2 tons of hydrogen every day.

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