CR1620 battery

Rookie of large-scale energy storage technology: all-vanadium redox flow CR1620 battery

With the accelerated development of renewable energy, distributed microgrids and smart energy, energy storage technology, which plays an important role in increasing the grid connection rate of renewable energy and balancing the stability of the power grid, is attracting more and more attention. According to forecasts, by 2025, energy storage technology will contribute more than $1 trillion in global economic value.

In the field of energy storage, China is not only the world's largest producer of power batteries - lithium batteries, but also the largest producer of grid-level advanced large-scale energy storage technology - all-vanadium redox flow batteries. At present, China has 100% independent intellectual property rights for all-vanadium redox flow batteries, and leads the world in technology and application scale. The electrolyte market produced based on this technology accounts for more than 90% of the global market share.

On April 23, the Beijing International Energy Experts Club launched a clean energy technology evaluation and promotion platform. The core technology of the all-vanadium redox flow CR1620 battery of the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Dalian Rongke Energy Storage Company became the first event docking project of the platform. .

International leader in independent property rights

Industry experts generally believe that large-scale energy storage technology is the core technology for the popularization and application of renewable energy, and among many large-capacity energy storage technology routes, all-vanadium redox flow batteries have stood out. The all-vanadium redox flow CR1620 battery R&D team led by Zhang Huamin, chief scientist of the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, has successfully implemented nearly 30 application demonstration projects, including the world's largest 5MW/10MWh all-vanadium wind farm in Woniushi, Liaoning, implemented in 2012. The liquid flow energy storage system has taken the lead in realizing the industrialization of this technology at home and abroad. The currently being implemented 200MW/800MWh all-vanadium redox flow CR1620 battery energy storage project supported by the Dalian Municipal Government has also been designated as a national energy storage demonstration project by the National Energy Administration.

"In 2018, we will build a 300MW/year all-vanadium redox flow CR1620 battery industrial base. By then, the CR1620 battery system cost will drop to 2,500 yuan/kWh, the stack operating current density can reach 180mA/cm2, and the mid-term cost target will be reached 1,800 yuan/kWh." Zhang Huamin said.

As the chief scientist of the Ministry of Science and Technology’s 973 Major Basic Research Project on Flow Batteries and the Director of the National Key Laboratory of Energy Flow CR1620 battery Technology, Zhang Huamin has led the team through 15 years of research and development, including flow CR1620 battery mass production, module design and manufacturing, and system development. Independent intellectual property rights system for all-vanadium redox flow batteries throughout the industry chain including integrated control. So far, it has applied for 286 national invention patents, 12 international patents, and 111 authorizations.

According to reports, in recent years, this technology system has won many major awards at home and abroad, including the 2014 Outstanding Scientific and Technological Achievement Award of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Second Prize of the National Technological Invention Award in 2015, and one of the 20 landmark major progress achievements of the Chinese Academy of Sciences' "Twelfth Five-Year Plan". Wait. As the chairman units of the National Energy Flow CR1620 battery Standards Committee, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics and Dalian Rongke Energy Storage Company have become the makers of many international standards for all-vanadium redox flow batteries.

Demonstration project achieves initial results

At present, flow CR1620 battery technology has been recognized in the international market. According to the reporter's understanding, the United States has listed flow batteries as the primary CR1620 battery technology to support development in its 2011 energy storage development plan. Flow batteries accounted for 12 of the 22 energy storage projects funded in the United States in 2012, and the largest one was also a flow CR1620 battery. Of the five energy storage projects tendered in Ontario, Canada, in 2015, flow CR1620 battery technology won four.

"The New York Fire Department has earlier approved vanadium flow batteries for commercial, school and hospital use. This is the second CR1620 battery category approved in New York after lead-acid batteries. The electrochemical reversible performance of vanadium flow batteries exceeds For all the batteries that represent advanced technologies that I have studied at the laboratory level, the number of charge and discharge cycles is no longer the determining factor in the CR1620 battery life," said the US Department of Energy Grid Energy Storage Program Advisor and the former CEO of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Grid Energy Storage. Dr. Yang Zhenguo said.

In Zhang Huamin's view, safety, life-cycle cost-effectiveness and environmental protection are important indicators that need to be emphasized for large-scale energy storage, and this is the strength of all-vanadium redox flow batteries - excellent performance, obvious environmental protection advantages, and energy efficiency Comparable to pumped water storage. This makes all-vanadium flow batteries the preferred technical route for flow batteries, and it has also become an important direction for the comprehensive utilization of vanadium resources.

The reporter learned from the meeting that the all-vanadium redox flow CR1620 battery energy storage system of Liaoning Woniushi Wind Farm operated and managed by State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Company has played an important role in peak shaving and valley filling and reducing wind curtailment since it was put into operation in March 2013. It plays an important role. By the end of 2015, the system had reduced wind curtailment by nearly 7.6 million kilowatt-hours and gained direct economic benefits of more than 4.6 million yuan.

Since then, State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Company has successively put into operation two more energy storage power stations, namely Hefeng Yangjiadian Energy Storage Power Station (lithium CR1620 battery and all-vanadium redox flow CR1620 battery) and Heishan Longwan Energy Storage Power Station (all-vanadium redox flow CR1620 battery) . "Judging from the operating data in 2015, the utilization hours of these three wind power plants are more than 2,100 hours, which is much higher than the average utilization hours of the entire network of 1,780 hours." Wang Zhiming, deputy general manager of State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co., Ltd. pointed out .

According to reports, the company is currently further exploring the application of energy storage technology in the field of microgrids, and hopes to further verify the role of hundreds of megawatts of large-scale energy storage systems in peak load regulation, grid emergencies and accidents through demonstration projects.

Industry development prospects are broad

"Energy storage technology will play an increasingly important role in new energy systems, especially in distributed energy systems. But it is still in the initial stage of technological innovation and development and has not yet formed a large-scale industry. How to solve the current problems It is very important to better promote industrialization," said Shi Dinghuan, former counselor of the State Council and vice chairman of the Honorary Council of Beijing International Energy Experts Club.

"The highest state of energy storage is to have energy storage and use it as little as possible. The efficiency of energy storage has a certain relationship with the operation mode of the power grid." Wang Zhiming pointed out.

According to experts attending the meeting, the matching, reliability, and further liberalization of the temperature window between the all-vanadium redox flow energy storage system and the entire power system still need to be improved. It also needs to be more "visible and tangible" in terms of "ease of use". get”.

Taking the experience of wind farm energy storage demonstration projects as an example, “The current coordinated control system of the entire wind farm, how to match the energy storage system to achieve organic coordination, is still not ideal, and some international provisions of current wind power technology can no longer adapt to future development. Needed. The overall optimized and coordinated configuration of wind farms in the future and how to incorporate energy storage technology into national technical standards will be the next step," said Zhang Qiping, chief engineer of the State Grid.

Yang Zhenguo believes that based on the current technological levels of the United States, Japan, and Europe, all-vanadium redox flow batteries are currently unable to recover their costs if they only rely on peak shaving and valley filling. Therefore, energy storage needs to expand more application channels to "enhance value space."

According to Zhai Yongping, chief energy technology engineer of the Asian Development Bank, energy storage technologies that are in line with policy guidance and environmentally friendly throughout the technology life cycle still need to be quantitatively considered. He believes that from an investment perspective, demand satisfaction is more critical than technical solutions. "ADB pays attention to the evaluation of the environmental and social benefits of technology. Even if the financial evaluation is not high, we will support it. If the all-vanadium flow CR1620 battery technology finds a suitable application channel, we are very willing to provide funding."

Subsidies in the energy storage industry have been controversial at present. Many experts believe that “instead of providing subsidies for energy storage, it is better to provide more development policies for the energy storage industry.”

"The reform of the electric power system requires future power generation companies to pursue a cost-leading strategy. Only by significantly reducing costs can they become more competitive. The development of the all-vanadium redox flow CR1620 battery industry must go through full market competition, opening up local technologies, building a good competitive atmosphere, accelerating cost reduction, Enhance industrial technology competitiveness," said Ying Guangwei, former president of Huadian Science and Technology Research Institute and general manager of Nanjing Automation Company.

Li Junfeng, director of the Climate Strategy and International Cooperation Center of the National Development and Reform Commission, believes that peak-shaving and valley-filling through optimal dispatching of the power grid, including changing coal-fired power plants to peak-shaving power plants, will be the first policy choice in the next few years. “During the ‘Thirteenth Five-Year Plan’ period, energy storage can only remain in the stages of technology research and development, demonstration projects and industrial chain construction. The state should encourage the priority selection of flow CR1620 battery technology in appropriate places and no longer encourage lead-acid batteries.”

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