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　　German and Singaporean researchers use plasmonics to improve perovskite CR2032 button cellperformance

　　In recent years, plasmonics have been used in extensive research aimed at improving the efficiency and thermal stability of perovskite solar cells. The technique consists of enhancing the electromagnetic field of the cell through metal nanostructures, thereby improving the low optical absorption of the device in the visible spectrum.

　　Last week, two new studies on the topic were published, indicating that interest in metal plasmon effects has not waned in recent times.

　　In a study conducted by the Technical University of Darmstadt in Germany in collaboration with the Agency for Science, Technology and Research in Singapore, the latest advances in this technology have been analyzed.

　　The team explains that surface plasmons are particularly interesting for perovskite cells because their properties can be fine-tuned by controlling the shape, size and dielectric environment of the metal nanostructures. As a result, perovskite cells incorporating plasmonics may have thinner absorption layers, do not affect the optical thickness, and can be designed as semi-permeable oxygen devices.

　　The scientists described a typical plasmonic perovskite cell as a device consisting of a compact 20-50 nanometer titanium oxide (TiO2) barrier layer, an embedding layer between 100-400 nanometers of an electron transport material, such as mesoporous TiO2 and a transparent conductive oxide matrix, followed by a hole in the transport material sandwiched between the perovskite absorber and the contact electrode.

　　The scientists also described how dipole-dipole coupling of hot electrons, light harvesting and energy flow modulation can be achieved through plasmons in perovskite cell applications. Their findings were published in the paper "Recent advances in plasmonic perovskite solar cells" in the journal Advanced Science.

　　In another study published this week in Nature, Bimetallic implantation of plasmons for TiO2 photoanode sensitized third-generation solar cells, scientists at Guru NanakDev University in India sought to improve the light-collecting ability of TiO2 sensitizers used in this type of cell while preventing recombination effects.

　　According to the researchers, gold and silver nanoparticles were embedded in the TiO2 by an ion implantation technique. The efficiency of the cells that relied on the nanoparticles and their plasmon-induced photoelectric effect showed an efficiency (relatively speaking) of 89% higher than that of non-implanted cells.

　　According to the team’s analysis, this higher efficiency depends on the enhanced light-harvesting capabilities of titanium dioxide, which can generate a large number of photoexcited electrons, and on the plasmon-induced electrical effects of the silver and gold nanoparticles embedded in the titanium dioxide photoanode.

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