Lithium battery pack explosion-proof technical knowledge, how to prevent
battery explosion? New energy vehicles using lithium battery packs as energy
storage devices have now become the mainstream of the market. However, with the
promotion and application of new energy vehicles, the problem of spontaneous
combustion of lithium batteries and the safety of vehicle use have become issues
of concern to everyone. Usually we will design an explosion-proof valve on the
battery shell to prevent the lithium battery pack from exploding in thermal
runaway.
Lithium battery pack explosion-proof technology:
Explosion-proof battery is a new type of battery product, which is made of
high safety factor materials and is a safe battery that can effectively prevent
battery explosion. The safety feature of explosion-proof lithium battery pack is
its biggest feature. In order to ensure the safety of lithium-ion batteries, we
usually design an explosion-proof valve on the battery shell, which can be
destroyed in time when the pressure is too high, releasing the pressure inside
the battery and preventing the lithium battery pack from exploding in thermal
runaway.
Lithium battery packs have become the preferred battery for portable
electronic products. This kind of battery has high capacity density and
competitive price, and is expected to remain the mainstream of the market in the
next few years. But lithium batteries have always lurked the risk of explosion.
As their applications become more and more widespread, explosion incidents occur
one after another. In fact, through correct lithium battery pack system design
and cell grade determination, lithium-ion batteries can be very safe. At
present, explosion-proof circuit and explosion-proof battery cell technologies
are mature, and explosion incidents should become less and less.
The types of lithium battery core explosions can be summarized as external
short circuit, internal short circuit, and overcharge. Based on the above types
of explosions, we can focus on explosion prevention in three aspects: preventing
overcharging, preventing external short circuits, and improving battery cell
safety. Among them, overcharge prevention and external short circuit prevention
belong to electronic protection, which are closely related to the lithium
battery pack system design and battery assembly. The focus of improving battery
cell safety is chemical and mechanical protection, which has a greater
relationship with battery cell manufacturers.
Fire-proof and explosion-proof lithium batteries were developed by
Japan
Japanese researchers have recently developed a safer lithium-ion battery
electrolyte that is less likely to burn or explode even in high-temperature
environments.
Now, Japanese scientists have developed what is known as the safest lithium
battery pack in history. It will not explode and is not easy to burn or explode
even in high temperature and other environments. It is quite safe. It is
reported that scientists have developed a high-concentration electrolyte
containing the flame retardant trimethyl phosphate. In addition to not being
easy to burn, this electrolyte can achieve highly stable charge and discharge
for more than 1,000 times or more than one year, and its service life is
comparable to Even more than traditional lithium-ion batteries. In addition to
mobile phones, car batteries can also be used with confidence.
How to prevent explosion of lithium battery electric vehicles?
The potential problems of lithium batteries are reflected in three aspects:
high production cost, high temperature and easy explosion, and convenience of
charging and use. Therefore, the application of lithium batteries in the field
of electric vehicles must focus on solving these technical problems. Therefore,
the application of high-energy-density battery materials, solid-state
non-combustible battery technology and research on lithium-air battery
technology have become the direction of electric vehicle battery technology
change.
First, through research on all-solid-state lithium battery technology,
non-combustible battery technology, and battery protection device technology,
the problem of high temperature and explosiveness of lithium batteries is
solved; secondly, through the development and application of high-energy-density
battery materials, the cost of battery production is reduced, such as silicon ,
graphite, graphene-based, graphene, composite metal lithium electrodes,
cobalt-free high voltage, aluminum-graphite dual-ion batteries, etc.; Finally,
through the research of lithium-air batteries and lithium-oxygen batteries, the
problem of lithium battery charging convenience is solved.
In response to the explosion-proof problem of automobile lithium batteries,
the R&D engineers of Puwei Company have developed and designed a PBA
explosion-proof valve after many tests. It is an explosion-proof, waterproof and
breathable product designed for automobile battery packs, battery boxes, etc.,
and has successfully solved the problem of automobile batteries. Explosion
problem. It has been widely used in batteries for pure electric vehicles, hybrid
vehicles, new energy hybrid vehicles, hybrid vehicles, etc., promoting the rapid
development of automotive batteries.
PBA explosion-proof valve introduction: PBA explosion-proof valve (also
known as Puwei explosion-proof valve), the shell is made of metal, and uses
mechanics to perfectly combine with Puwei microporous membrane to achieve
explosion-proof, waterproof, breathable, pressure balancing and other functions.
Provide higher protection and safety performance for car batteries.
PBA explosion-proof valve features:
1. It can quickly balance the pressure difference while meeting the IP67
protection level.
2. When the burst pressure value is reached, it is directly connected to
the outside.
3. When the cavity pressure is less than the burst pressure value, it can
continue to be reused.
4. Metal shell, strong corrosion resistance and long service life.
Three dangerous consequences of lithium battery short circuit
1. Leakage: When the temperature inside the lithium battery rises slowly,
the outer shell gradually melts, and the protective layer fails to protect,
resulting in the leakage of corrosive electrolyte.
2. Explosion: The temperature inside the lithium battery rises quickly.
Since the outer shell does not gradually melt when the temperature rises slowly,
the internal space of the battery is insufficient to accommodate the expanding
gas under heating, and the battery container explodes due to excessive
pressure.
3. Spontaneous combustion: The sparks generated by the short circuit will
ignite the electrolyte in an instant. This is because the electrolyte is
composed of flammable liquid. The burning electrolyte will ignite the plastic
body and cause the battery to burn. If there are flammable materials around the
battery, Will cause fire.
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