Introduction to the lithium battery manufacturing process and production
raw materials. Currently, the most commonly used lithium batteries on the market
are lithium iron phosphate batteries and ternary lithium batteries. The cathode
raw materials of the two are quite different, and the production process is
relatively similar, but the process parameters need to change greatly. The
production process of lithium batteries is relatively complicated. The editor of
this article will introduce it in detail.
1. Lithium battery manufacturing process:
Lithium battery manufacturing process: three processes, front, middle and
last, accounting for nearly 35%/30%/35%. The main production process mainly
covers the stirring and coating stage of electrode production (front stage), the
winding liquid injection stage of cell synthesis (middle stage), and the
packaging and testing stage of chemical encapsulation (back stage). The value
(purchase amount) accounts for approximately It is (35~40%): (30~35)%: (30~35)%.
The differences mainly come from different equipment suppliers, differences in
the proportion of imported/domestic products, etc. The process flow is basically
the same, and the value ratio is biased but generally consistent with the
ratio.
Objectively speaking, the lithium battery production process is divided
into three major sections, one is pole piece production, the other is cell
production, and the third is battery assembly. In the lithium battery production
process, pole piece production is the foundation, battery core production is the
core, and battery assembly is related to the quality of the finished lithium
battery. The specific steps of the lithium battery production process include
positive electrode slurrying, negative electrode slurrying, positive electrode
sheets, negative electrode sheets, steel case assembly, liquid injection and
testing, and packaging.
Lithium battery front-end production process: pole piece manufacturing is
related to the core performance of the battery
The result of the lithium battery front-end process is to prepare the
positive and negative electrode sheets of the lithium battery. The first step is
stirring, that is, mixing the positive and negative solid-state battery
materials evenly, adding the solvent, and stirring them into a slurry through a
vacuum mixer. The mixing of ingredients is the basis for the subsequent lithium
battery process, and high-quality mixing is the basis for the high-quality
completion of the subsequent coating and rolling processes.
The coating and rolling process is followed by slitting, where the coating
is slit. If burrs are generated during the cutting process, there will be safety
risks during subsequent assembly, electrolyte injection, and even battery use.
Therefore, the front-end equipment in the lithium battery production process,
such as mixers, coating machines, roller presses, slitting machines, etc., are
the core machines of battery manufacturing and are related to the quality of the
entire production line. Therefore, the value (amount) of the front-end equipment
accounts for the entire lithium battery production line. Automated production
lines have the highest proportion, about 35%.
Lithium battery mid-stage process flow: efficiency first, winding before
lamination
In the lithium battery manufacturing process, the middle process is mainly
to complete the forming of the battery. The main process includes sheeting, pole
piece winding, die cutting, cell winding and lamination forming, etc. It is
currently a fierce competition among domestic equipment manufacturers. A field
that accounts for about 30% of the value of lithium battery production
lines.
At present, the cell manufacturing processes of power lithium batteries
mainly include winding and lamination. The corresponding battery structures are
mainly cylindrical, square, and soft-packed. Cylindrical and square batteries
are mainly produced using the winding process, while soft-packed batteries are
Mainly using lamination technology.
Lithium battery back-end process flow: volumetric formation is the core
link
The back-end production process of lithium batteries mainly consists of
four processes: volume separation, formation, testing and packaging and
warehousing, accounting for about 35% of the value of the production line.
Formation and volume separation are the most important links in the back-end
process, and the formed batteries are activated and tested. Since the battery
has a long charge and discharge test cycle, the value of the equipment is the
highest. The main function of the formation process is to charge and activate
the cells after liquid injection and encapsulation. The capacity dividing
process is to test the battery capacity and other electrical performance
parameters and classify them after the battery is activated. The formation and
volume separation are performed by the formation machine and the volume
separation machine respectively, usually by an automated volume separation and
conversion system.
Lithium battery Pack process: seemingly simple but needs to be combined
with systematic design
The power battery pack system is a battery pack in which many individual
cells are connected in series or parallel. It integrates battery hardware
systems such as power and thermal management. Pack is the key to the production,
design and application of power battery systems. It is the core link connecting
upstream cell production and downstream vehicle applications. Usually design
requirements are proposed by the cell factory or automobile factory, usually by
the battery factory, automobile factory or third-party Pack The factory is
completed.
2. Introduction to raw materials for lithium battery production:
The main raw materials for the production of lithium batteries include
lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganate, three raw
materials, lithium iron phosphate, etc.
The main materials for lithium battery production include: positive
electrode materials, negative electrode materials, separators, and electrolytes.
It also includes other parts such as packaging. At present, the supply of
lithium battery raw materials is sufficient, and the production capacity of some
products is sufficient. Competition is fierce, and their market prices continue
to fall. However, the production capacity of a small number of high-end products
is insufficient, and the prices of high-end raw material products are too high.
Overall, the lithium battery industry is still booming.
In fact, in the field of lithium battery cathode materials, any minor
technological innovation is likely to set off a new round of market expansion.
Chinese enterprises should strengthen the research and development of key
cathode material technologies, achieve international leadership, and enhance
core competitiveness. Gain an advantage in international competition.
It can be seen that all aspects of the lithium battery production process
are closely related to product quality and safety. Each link in the lithium
battery production process must be strictly and carefully managed in order to
improve the safety performance of lithium battery products. . Lithium battery
materials generally suffer from overcapacity in mid- to low-end products and
short supply of high-end products. Lithium batteries are a new generation of
green high-energy batteries with excellent performance and have become one of
the focuses of high-tech development.
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