18650 lithium battery.Gallium Arsenide Solar Cell Technology

　　1. What is a gallium arsenide III-V solar cell?

　　Solar cells (SolarCell) can be roughly divided into three generations. The first generation is silicon crystal cells, which can be roughly divided into two types: monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon. It has the longest history of commercial application and has been widely used in homes and consumer goods; The second-generation products are thin-film solar cells. The main materials are amorphous silicon (Amorphous) and Group II-VI compound semiconductors, which are often used in architectural coatings. The third-generation products are Gallium Arsenide III-V solar cells. Gallium arsenide (GaAs) has been used in space for power generation for a long time. Mainly because gallium arsenide has good heat resistance, radiation resistance and other properties, it has been widely used in space power generation. However, the price is too high, so it has not been used in the past. It is used for ground and household consumption purposes. However, with the deepening of human understanding of semiconductor materials and the use of light-concentrating optical components, the conversion efficiency of three-junction gallium arsenide cells can now reach as high as 40%, and the manufacturing cost has also been significantly reduced. As the world is eagerly searching for sustainable alternative energy sources, high-efficiency gallium arsenide solar cells will be another important option for photovoltaic power generation.

　　2. What is a three-junction solar cell?

　　Three-junction solar cells are composed of three single-junction diodes of different materials connected in series. Each junction can absorb different bands in the solar spectrum and convert light energy into electrical energy more efficiently. The conversion efficiency of multi-junction cells is more than twice that of ordinary silicon chip solar cells.

　　3. How to calculate power generation conversion efficiency? Conversion efficiency = output power/(input power density

　　4. What is a (high power) concentrated solar power generation system?

　　Concentrated solar energy system (CpV) uses optical components such as Fresnel lenses to concentrate sunlight to a small point, in order to achieve a high concentration effect on a very small chip area, produced by Taiju Institute of Technology The chip performs brilliantly at light concentration magnifications of fifty to one thousand times.

　　5. How to calculate the condensing magnification? The calculation method of geometric condensing magnification is to divide the area of the condensing lens by the size of the chip. The current ratio is calculated by dividing the short-circuit current under concentrated light by the short-circuit current of 1 sun (unconcentrated).

　　6. Why does the CpV system need a sun-tracking instrument? For a concentrated solar power generation system, a sun-tracking instrument is necessary. Every day when the sun rises from the east and sets in the west, the sun moves at an angular speed of 15 degrees per hour. If you want to permanently project sunlight on the chip through a condenser lens or reflector, you must use sun tracking equipment to always align the optical system vertically. Directly in the direction of the sun. When the concentration magnification increases, the requirements for the reference accuracy of the sun tracking instrument will also increase. For 500 times focusing, the error must be within 0.3 degrees.

　　7. What does am1.5 mean? When sunlight passes through the atmosphere, certain bands in its spectrum will interact with chemicals and water vapor in the atmosphere and be absorbed. The most obvious example is that the ozone layer can intercept most of the ultraviolet light. The wavelength of sunlight reaching the surface generally ranges from near ultraviolet to far infrared. The longer the distance that sunlight travels through the atmosphere, the less energy it reaches the surface. If we set the spectrum of outer space that is not affected by the atmosphere to AM0 (atmosphere mass 0), and the mass of air passing through when vertically incident from the zenith is called AM1, then the spectrum of the sun passing through when the sun is incident at 41.81 degrees above the horizontal plane on a clear day for AM1.5. The spectrum standard of AM1.5 is formulated by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). It is the most commonly used spectrum standard for indoor test simulation of solar cells. The sunlight simulator that conforms to the AM1.5 light source can provide an incoming light intensity of up to 100mW/cm2.

　　8. What are the international quality standards for high-power condensing systems? The international public standards for high-power concentrating systems include IEC62108 and IEC60904, and they are currently being tested one by one.

　　9. What are the chip sizes available? The current standard products are 5.5X5.5mm and 10X10mm.

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