As the electric vehicle market continues to heat up, power battery-related
technologies have become the focus of domestic and foreign automobile
manufacturers. In order to promote the popularity of electric vehicles and
compete for next-generation technology dominance, it is necessary to shorten
charging time, especially as high-mileage electric vehicles are launched one
after another. How to make charging time comparable to refueling time has always
been the goal of automobile manufacturers. According to foreign media reports,
General Motors is jointly developing an electric vehicle fast charging system
with its partner Delta Americas, with the goal of allowing electric vehicles to
charge for 10 minutes to travel 180 miles (approximately 290 kilometers). If
this technology is successful, it will be more efficient than Tesla and
Porsche's current super fast charging technology.
■ The popularization of electric vehicles depends on fast charging
The ongoing cooperation project between General Motors and Delta Americas
lasts for three years and has a total investment of US$7 million. The goal is to
jointly develop a 400kW ultra-fast charging system (XFC). According to reports,
the system is developed based on solid-state transformer (SST) technology. It
weighs 1/4 of the ordinary DC fast charging system and is half the size. In
terms of interface, the "Combined Charging System (CCS)" standard led by the
Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) is adopted.
At the same time, the transmission efficiency of this ultra-fast charging
system is expected to reach 96.5%, and the electricity charged per minute can
provide an electric vehicle with a driving range of 29 kilometers. By
comparison, Tesla's Supercharger system has an efficiency of 10 kilometers per
minute, while Porsche promises a charging efficiency of about 20 kilometers per
minute for the Taycan electric sports car.
GM believes that this move will be beneficial to the promotion of electric
vehicles. Currently, major mainstream automakers have successively released
ambitious plans to promote electric vehicles, and General Motors is no
exception. In October last year, General Motors announced that it would
accelerate its electrification process. The statement at the time was that "in
the next 18 months, GM will launch two new electric vehicles based on the pure
electric vehicle platform used by Bolt. In the next five years, 18 new electric
vehicles will be added." In other words, by 2023 , GM will sell at least 20
electric vehicles with fast charging capabilities globally.
Sam Abusamid, an analyst at Navigant Research, said: "When it comes to
charging electric vehicles, everyone wants to be able to refuel as fast as a gas
vehicle. This is especially true for people living in cities." Indeed. , to
popularize electric vehicles, consumers’ “range anxiety” must be solved. On the
one hand, automobile manufacturers must continue to launch new generation
products with longer driving range; on the other hand, they must make charging
electric vehicles as convenient as refueling fuel vehicles. This requires a
two-pronged approach. In addition to a sound charging pile network, shortening
charging time is also critical.
■ Car companies are investing in fast charging technology
Currently, General Motors' Chevrolet Bolt pure electric vehicle uses a DC
fast charging pile with a rated power of 90kW, which can travel approximately
145 kilometers in 30 minutes. This charging speed is not satisfactory. In
contrast to competitors, on Tesla's official website, Tesla claims that by using
its second-generation super charging station with a rated power of 120kW, it can
be fully charged in about 30 minutes. Tesla is developing a new generation of
super charging stations with a rated power of up to 240kW and is expected to be
released within this year.
In November last year, BMW, Daimler, Ford, and the Volkswagen Group
(including Audi and Porsche) announced the establishment of a joint venture,
IONITY, aiming to develop and build a high-power charging network with a power
of 350kW to provide comprehensive support for electric vehicles throughout
Europe. . Brands such as Audi and Porsche attach great importance to this
project and hope to build a comprehensive super-fast charging network to support
their long-range electric vehicles that will be launched in the future.
At present, Porsche's new pure electric supercar Taycan has opened
reservations in many countries, with a driving range of more than 500
kilometers. Porsche claims: "Our goal is to make the charging time of electric
vehicles infinitely close to the refueling time of fuel vehicles." According to
Audi's plan, its first mass-produced pure electric SUV e-tron will be officially
released in San Francisco, USA on September 17 It has also started pre-sales and
is expected to officially land in the U.S. market in early 2019. It will also be
sold in China as an import, with a driving range of more than 400
kilometers.
In addition, Jaguar, BMW, etc. have also launched or plan to launch such
high-mileage electric vehicles. At the just-concluded 2018 Chengdu Auto Show,
Jaguar I-PACE attracted a lot of attention. Jaguar I-PACE has released a total
of four versions this time, with official guide prices ranging from 648,000 to
736,800 yuan, and the official driving range of all series is 500 kilometers.
BMW plans to start production of the ix3 in China in 2020, and it is said that
the driving range will reach 400 kilometers. For these electric models with a
driving range of more than four to five hundred kilometers, fast charging
technology is particularly necessary.
■ High-power fast charging is the general trend
Currently, high-power fast charging has become a trend. GM’s 400kW fast
charging system is still under development, but a 350kW fast charging system has
already appeared on the market. In April this year, ABB, a world-renowned power
equipment supplier, released the 350kW Terra high-power charging system. The
company claimed that it only takes 8 minutes to charge and can support electric
vehicles to travel 200 kilometers, which is equivalent to 25 kilometers per
minute.
It is understood that in 2016, the U.S. Department of Energy jointly
conducted a technical feasibility study with its partner units on 350kW rated
power and 10-minute DC fast charging. Europe has completed the construction of a
350kW high-power charging standard system based on the European standard system.
The implementation of the standard will effectively solve the charging safety,
temperature rise control, communication protocols and other issues caused by
high-power charging. The Japan CHAdeMo Association currently defines fast
charging power as 120-180kW, and plans to increase it to 150-200kW by 2020, and
further increase it to 350-400kW after 2025.
At the beginning of last year, the US charging facility operator EVgo
cooperated with ABB to successfully build the first "ultra-high power fast
charging station" (150~350kW) in Fremont, California, USA. When the charging
station was first built, it only supported 150kW charging power, but according
to EVgo, "the system may be upgraded to increase the power to 350kW."
ChargePoint, another charging facility operator in the United States, provides a
complete set of charging solutions, including , a fast charging system called
Express Plus released last year has been launched in Europe and North America,
and it is said that the maximum charging power can reach 400kW.
The aforementioned IONITY also has new moves. From September 3rd, free
charging of electric vehicles at IONITY charging stations will become a thing of
the past, with charges of 8 euros, 8 Swiss francs or 8 pounds per charge,
depending on the specific region. Currently, IONITY operates 20 charging
stations in 8 locations in Europe. According to the plan, IONITY will build 400
charging stations in Europe and use 350kW charging piles. In order to achieve
this goal, IONITY has established partnerships with several large companies such
as Spanish oil company CEPSA and Italian National Electric Power Company (ENEL)
to install fast charging piles at gas stations in Spain, Portugal and other
places.
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