Analysis and comparison of modular UPS distributed and centralized
architecture technologies. The system structure of the modular UPS power supply
is extremely flexible. The design of the power module enables investment
planning to "expand on demand" and allows users to achieve "dynamic growth" with
business development. At present, most UPS manufacturers have released modular
UPS. More and more users have already or are considering using modular UPS to
build new data centers. Modularization is considered to be the development trend
of UPS technology.
In this article, the editor of Cuneng Electric will talk to you about the
analysis and comparison of the two architecture technologies of modular UPS,
distributed and centralized.
●First of all, let’s talk about the advantages of modular UPS over
traditional UPS?
1. Simple installation, convenient expansion, saving investment
Modular UPS adopts a modular structure and can be easily installed and
expanded by simply adding modules. In the early stages of construction of the
information computer room power supply system, the capacity requirements of the
UPS will be incorrectly, under or overestimated. Modular UPS can effectively
solve this problem through an expandable module structure.
2. Easy maintenance, online processing, high availability
When a traditional UPS fails, professional technicians are required to go
to the site for repair. If you use a modular UPS, because all modules are
hot-swappable, there is no need for professional technicians. As long as there
are spare modules, users can also perform maintenance themselves. In terms of
system architecture, based on the parallel connection of multiple modules, it
not only realizes the hot swapping of system modules, but also better handles
the independent operation, mutual cooperation and smooth conversion of system
modules.
3. Parallel redundancy, stable operation and high reliability
In the modular UPS system, users only need to purchase the corresponding
power modules to achieve "N+X" fault redundancy. They are independent of master
and slave, independent of each other, and share the load equally. Each module is
equipped with input and output insurance and input and output relays. Even if
one module fails, it can exit the entire system without affecting the work of
the entire system.
●Two typical architectures of modular UPS
Distributed architecture
Distributed architecture: Distributed is an architecture often used in
early modular UPS. This type of modular UPS system is equivalent to several
independent UPSs connected directly in parallel. Its power module is modified
from a small UPS and can work independently. Its characteristics are: ① In
addition to the control of rectifier and inverter, current sharing AND logic
switching is also controlled by the internal control unit; ② The built-in static
bypass has the same capacity as the power module. In bypass mode, the static
bypass in each module shares the load.
Distributed + centralized architecture
Distributed + centralized architecture: The built-in control units of all
power modules of modular UPS equipment with distributed + centralized structure
are used to control the rectifier and inverter of this module, while the current
sharing and logic switching functions of the entire system are implemented from
inside the module. The control unit is extracted and controlled by a centralized
control module. In order to eliminate possible single points of failure, the
control module and the corresponding communication bus are both 1+1 redundant.
When one control unit fails, the power modules in the entire UPS system can be
seamlessly taken over by another control unit in hot standby state to ensure
uninterrupted operation of the system. At the same time, the static bypass is no
longer built into the power module. The system is configured with a static
bypass module, and its capacity is the system capacity.
●Comparison of decentralized control, distributed and centralized control
logic models
①The advantage of the decentralized control logic model is that each
control unit can complete the independent control of the system, so there is no
single point of failure in this regard. But the shortcomings are also obvious.
First, because the main control module must process its own signals and
coordinate signals between modules, the control logic is relatively complex and
the reliability of the software logic is not high. Secondly, after each main
control module fails, there will be competition among the remaining modules to
generate a module as the main control module. In this process, it is also easy
for competition failure to cause system failure.
② The advantage of the distributed + centralized control logic mode is that
it uses independent current sharing and logic control units, which has better
current sharing and clear control logic levels. There is no competition between
power modules and the software logic is highly reliable. In order to ensure the
reliability of the centralized control unit and avoid single points of failure,
generally UPS control units and communication lines using this architecture will
have 1+1 backup. 1+1 hot backup is the most commonly used backup method, and its
reliability has been verified in the long-term operation practice of various
systems.
Taken together, the advantages of a centralized redundant architecture are
obvious.
Due to its high reliability, easy maintenance, and easy expansion, modular
UPS greatly saves customers' operation and maintenance costs and provides
guarantee for the long-term stable operation of the business. Modular UPS with
two typical architectures can provide better maintainability and capacity
expansion capabilities, and their availability is greatly improved compared to
traditional UPS. However, from a technical perspective, modular UPS with a
centralized structure has higher safety and better reliability.
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