Within this year, there may also be certain breakthroughs in new energy
technology. As long as new energy vehicles are mentioned, in terms of driving
form, they are currently nothing more than pure electric and hybrid models, as
well as the fuel-based vehicles that have been vigorously advocated this year.
For battery-powered models, the editor will briefly give a few examples and
estimate the new energy technologies that may be realized within this year.
The research and development of "three electrics" has reached a bottleneck.
What aspects are worth looking forward to?
The three things most closely related to electric vehicles are nothing more
than power batteries, motors, and electronic controls. The editor feels that
most of the electric vehicles that can be seen on the street currently have
achieved basic standards in this third model. If you want to have a higher
technological breakthrough, you must improve the details.
·Battery:
At present, in terms of power batteries, ternary batteries are still the
mainstream of current vehicle power. Because of their advantages of small size
and high energy density, they are quite popular. However, most of the current
ternary batteries are lithium-ion batteries. There are still certain defects in
the energy density and safety of ternary lithium-ion batteries.
For example, since there is a separator between the positive and negative
electrodes of a lithium-ion battery, the separator is located between the two
electrodes to prevent contact with each other and short-circuit the battery. In
addition, the pores of the separator filled with electrolyte allow electric ions
to shuttle between the electrodes. The more electrolyte the isolation membrane
absorbs, the higher the ionic conductivity.
When the battery is discharged, the positively charged lithium ions on the
anode are transferred to the cathode to generate electricity; when the battery
is charged, lithium ions flow from the cathode back to the anode. Since the
battery is continuously charged and discharged during use, the surface of the
anode is prone to insufficient lithium deposition. Dendrites are formed evenly,
and these dendritic accumulations will eventually penetrate the separator and
contact the cathode, causing the battery to short-circuit and trigger the risk
of explosion and fire.
Different from lithium-ion batteries, because solid-state lithium batteries
use solid electrodes and electrolytes, there will be no dendrite phenomenon, so
they are much safer than lithium-ion batteries. At the same time, relatively
speaking, because the battery The internal structure of the battery has changed,
and both the battery life and battery density have been greatly improved.
Therefore, in the future, solid-state lithium batteries will become the main
direction for the breakthrough development of power batteries. At the same time,
there is news that this year, battery cathodes and silicon batteries will be
based on 811 materials. The research and development of carbon anodes is
underway, and when the technology matures, the energy density of lithium power
batteries will be further improved.
·Motor:
In fact, when it comes to motors, the technical level of our country's
motors is still in a leading position. The well-known ones in China include BYD,
BAIC New Energy, Jingjin Electric, etc. At present, most domestic and foreign
drive motors use permanent magnet synchronous motors. Due to their small size,
material saving, high efficiency, strong thermal conductivity and other
advantages, they have become the mainstream choice for drive motors today.
However, there are certain development bottlenecks for permanent magnet
synchronous motors. There are several main problems. One is the power density
problem. There are two ways to increase power, one is to increase the torque,
and the other is to increase the power density. Rotating speed. The hidden
danger of the former is that the overload current increases, resulting in
excessive heat generation and greater pressure on heat dissipation; the latter
is that when the coil operates at high speed, the ferromagnetic loss is large,
and high-performance low-saturation silicon steel sheets need to be used,
thereby increasing the cost. , but the use of complex rotor structure also
affects the power density.
Secondly, the current domestic technology level still needs to be improved.
There is still a lack of mature technology in the product manufacturing process.
The domestic production level cannot meet the application standards required by
car companies. For the next stage of vigorously developing my country's new
energy The goals set by automobiles are still far from enough with the current
level of technology.
Therefore, combined with the above two points, the technology of motors is
equivalent to that of foreign countries, but there is still a long way to go at
the product level. The editor still hopes that the government and industry can
pay more attention to and improve key basic components. Manufacturing level,
solve these basic problems as soon as possible within 1-2 years, and strive for
a crucial breakthrough in the motor industry.
·Electronic control:
For electronic control, it can be said to be a particularly important part
of new energy vehicles, and IGBT is the core component of motor drive. What is
IGBT? The so-called IGBT is an insulated gate bipolar transistor. Simply put, it
is a switch, just like the switch connected to the wire in middle school
physics. When it is turned on, it is equivalent to a wire, and when it is turned
off, it is regarded as an open circuit.
Why should we pay special attention to the development of IGBT? This is
because it is the bridge between energy and core hardware in the entire
conduction system, and it is also the basic work for developing chips. However,
while persisting in the development of IGT, a good material that can replace
IGBT may be discovered at this stage, namely silicon carbide. The reason is that
the volumetric power density of silicon carbide can reach 100 Wh/L, so the size
of the controller will be greatly reduced, and because the silicon carbide
controller can significantly increase the motor speed, the motor specific power
will also increase. It is reported that currently There are already four or five
teams in our country carrying out relevant research and development work, so the
"downsizing" work on motors is also urgent, and major breakthroughs may be
achieved within this year.
The landscape is changing, will hydrogen fuel enter the market
strongly?
From the end of last year to the beginning of this year, what I probably
heard the most was the need to vigorously develop fuel cell vehicles. Among
them, some netizens still had doubts. In the future, pure electric vehicles will
be left aside? Are you planning to start working on hydrogen energy again? In
fact, this understanding is not entirely wrong. The general direction of the
development of the new energy vehicle industry in the next stage is to curb the
adverse development of pure electric vehicles and at the same time vigorously
carry out research and development of hydrogen fuel technology.
Although vigorous development is needed, for now, my country's hydrogen
fuel cell technology is relatively weak, and the infrastructure is not very
complete. There is still a long way to go in terms of hydrogen storage and
transportation. Domestic use of hydrogen energy was limited to commercial
vehicles in the previous stage. On July 25, 2018, 49 Foton hydrogen fuel cell
buses were officially put into operation for the first time in Zhangjiakou City,
Hebei Province. However, hydrogen fuel cells are not included in the list of
subsidy reductions in the next stage, so hydrogen fuel cell models like Hyundai
NEXO are likely to appear in China this year.
What should we do about the cruising range of new energy vehicles?
Compared with traditional gasoline vehicles, the biggest problem of today's
new energy vehicles is the mileage issue, so there are also big problems in
travel services. Everyone has tried their best to deal with this kind of
problem. Recently, Weilai Automobile's charging car has been "listed" with a
price tag. The newly launched power-up service is a good way. A small
technological breakthrough? But I wonder if netizens can accept charging 380
yuan for one power-up?
In fact, the editor has always believed that, similar to gas stations, for
new energy vehicles, whether it is a battery swap station or a hydrogen
refueling station, it is a relatively innovative idea at a basic level. However,
the key issue is that for electric vehicles He said that the standards of power
batteries have not yet been unified, and the models served by battery swap
stations are relatively limited. It is still difficult to provide large-scale
services without a unified "label" battery. Therefore, if you want to use
unified standards to solve the battery life problem, you must solve the
technical problem. Only by producing products that meet rigid needs can we
fundamentally solve the difficulties.
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