LR03 battery.Research on power battery asset management operation model

　　The power battery asset management operation model means that consumers are only responsible for paying for the vehicle when purchasing a car, and the battery is purchased by the battery asset management operating company and then subleased to the consumer. The car and battery are not actually separated, but are separated in terms of assets. . The difference from the traditional battery swap mode is that the battery swap mode is only a way to replenish energy for electric vehicles, and it physically separates the vehicle and electricity. The battery asset management operation model can either choose the traditional battery swap mode to replenish electric energy, or the normal charging mode, and also realize the full life cycle management of power batteries, including battery production, vehicle end use, echelon utilization and recycling, etc. , the specific business model is shown in the figure below.

　　The battery asset management operating company directly cooperates with the fleet to sign an electric vehicle power battery lease agreement. The fleet only needs to pay the purchase cost of the vehicle. The battery asset management operating company is responsible for paying the purchase cost of the power battery. The fleet needs to pay monthly battery rent. In addition, when fleets are required to purchase vehicles, the on-board power batteries must comply with the standard requirements of the battery asset management operating company (unified battery specifications, packaging, types, communications, etc.), and the battery factory data and the data running on the vehicle end must also be included Feedback to the battery asset management operating company. The fleet customizes the vehicle according to its own operational needs and the battery asset management operating company's requirements for power batteries. The OEM develops the vehicle based on the needs provided by the fleet and purchases batteries according to the battery asset management operating company's standards. The battery factory follows the OEM's requirements. Produces power batteries. After the power batteries are loaded, vehicles are delivered, and the fleet is operated until the power batteries are retired, the battery asset management and operating company is responsible for reuse. The battery asset management operation company comprehensively judges the remaining value and health status of the battery based on the factory data, historical operating data and current status data of the power battery, and directly groups the batteries that meet the tiered utilization requirements and then leases or sells them to energy storage companies. The required batteries are sold to battery recycling companies, which dismantle and recycle them and resell the battery materials to battery factories.

　　Advantages of battery asset management operating model

　　1. Reduce car purchase costs

　　At this stage, the price of electric vehicles is higher than that of traditional fuel vehicles, mainly due to the high cost of power batteries. If there is no need to pay the cost of the battery when purchasing an electric vehicle, it will not only greatly reduce the purchase cost of the electric vehicle, but also eliminate concerns about the battery in future use. In addition, after the cancellation of purchase subsidies in 2020, the cost of power batteries remains high. This model will also help prevent major fluctuations in the selling price of electric vehicles. Taking the NIO ES8 benchmark version as an example, the sales price of the entire vehicle is 448,000 yuan, but if you choose the battery rental plan (vehicle and battery separation), the sales price will be directly reduced by 100,000 yuan.

　　2. Clarify the responsible parties for power batteries

　　The battery factory is responsible for the power battery at the production end, and is purchased by the consumer after it is installed in the vehicle. The property rights have been owned by the consumer. When the power battery is retired, according to the existing management regulations, the main body of power battery recycling is the vehicle company. . On the use end and recycling end, national management departments need to face different management objects, and it is also more difficult to manage consumers. In addition, according to research, car companies themselves are unwilling to take the initiative to take the responsibility of recycling and reusing power batteries. If the battery asset management operation model is adopted, the company will be responsible for both the use end and the recycling end of the power battery, which will help clarify the responsible entities and facilitate the management of relevant national departments.

　　3. Conducive to unified specifications of power batteries

　　At present, almost all power battery manufacturers customize products according to the requirements of the original equipment manufacturers. However, due to various reasons such as the design concept of each vehicle and the layout of components in the vehicle, the specifications of battery packs for different models ultimately result in different specifications. Different, which brings a lot of inconvenience to the subsequent recycling and reuse of power batteries. The battery asset management and operating company can take advantage of the opportunity to cooperate with the fleet and require the fleet to stipulate that the OEM must purchase batteries according to the battery asset management and operating company's standards when customizing vehicles, so as to solve the problem of unified specifications of power batteries from the source.

　　4. Facilitate the industrial development of power battery echelon utilization

　　Vehicle power batteries need to be disassembled, tested, reorganized, and integrated before they can enter the stage of echelon utilization. However, many difficulties will be encountered in these processes. For example, when power batteries are decommissioned and dismantled, due to the different battery pack designs of various models, their internal and external structures, module connection methods, etc. are different. For the disassembly assembly line, The requirements are higher. When testing the health status of the battery, since the vehicle manufacturer keeps the battery data confidential, the actual usage data of the battery cannot be obtained, which will affect the accuracy of the remaining life detection of retired power batteries. When reorganizing batteries, problems such as sorting and grouping batteries in different packaging forms and redesigning the BMS must also be solved. This ultimately leads to low economic efficiency in the echelon utilization and recycling of power batteries and cannot be popularized on a large scale. The battery asset management and operation company can coordinate and solve the above problems in the battery design stage, such as unifying the battery type, packaging form, Pack standard, etc., and finally realize that when the power battery is decommissioned on the vehicle end, it can be integrated directly into the power battery box after passing the life test. The goal of step-by-step utilization and recycling can be achieved.

　　5. Lay a solid foundation for the energy revolution

　　The "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for Energy Development" clearly states that by 2020, my country's renewable energy power generation will have an installed capacity of 680 million kilowatts and a power generation capacity of 1.9 trillion kilowatt hours, accounting for 27% of all power generation. As of the end of 2017, my country's installed renewable energy power generation capacity reached 650 million kilowatts. The installed capacity of renewable energy power generation accounts for about 36.6% of the total installed power capacity. In 2017, my country's renewable energy power generation capacity was 1.7 trillion kilowatt-hours. Although renewable energy is developing rapidly, due to the limitations of the existing power operation mechanism, insufficient consumption capacity, grid connection technology and other factors, the total amount of abandoned water, abandoned wind, and abandoned photovoltaic power in 2017 reached 100.7 billion kilowatt hours, exceeding the Three Gorges The power station has an annual power generation capacity of 97.6 billion kilowatt hours. The battery asset operation management model can allow a large number of retired power batteries to enter the energy storage field, which can effectively solve the consumption of renewable energy, reduce abandoned water, abandoned light, and abandoned wind power, and suppress the volatility and intermittent characteristics of wind power and photovoltaic power. Ensure the smooth integration of renewable energy sources. In addition, it can also play a role in peak-cutting and valley-filling for the power grid, frequency and voltage regulation, and delaying power grid investment.

　　summary:

　　Adopting a battery asset management operation model will help reduce car purchase costs, clarify battery responsibility entities, unify power battery specifications, and promote the development of the retired power battery echelon utilization industry. However, this business model also needs to overcome some difficulties, such as:

　　Heavy asset issues. Taking the number of electric vehicles in 2030 as an example of 80 million, assuming that each vehicle carries 100 kilowatt-hours of electricity, the battery system cost is 0.8 yuan/watt-hour, and the total battery cost is 8000×100×800=6.4 trillion yuan. Faced with such huge assets and being operated by only one company, the financial pressure is huge. To address the problem of heavy assets, a battery asset management operation alliance can be formed, with several companies sharing operating costs.

　　Electric power reform needs to be advanced simultaneously. After the power battery is retired from the vehicle, there is still 70-80% residual value that can be used in the field of energy storage, which requires the support of the power system. Taking the profit model of earning the peak-valley electricity price difference as an example, energy storage power stations need to store electric energy during low periods of electricity consumption or use abandoned wind and solar power, and discharge it during peak periods of electricity consumption to earn the electricity price difference. For energy storage companies to make profits through the above model, they need to meet the following conditions:

　　1. The electricity price difference is large enough. If the electricity price difference is relatively small and the profit point is too low, this model will not succeed;

　　2. Energy storage companies must have the qualifications to sell electricity. Under my country's current electricity system, only those with electricity sales qualifications can conduct transactions in the electricity trading center;

　　3. Have a cross-provincial and cross-regional power trading center to ensure the smooth progress of power trading;

　　4. Clarify the transmission and distribution price (network fee). When an energy storage enterprise sells electricity to the outside world, it will incur network fees after passing through the power grid, and the two parties to the power transaction may also be in different provinces or regions. If the network fee charging standard is unclear, the development of this business will be restricted. Fortunately, my country launched a new round of power system reform in 2015, and has successively made reform attempts in aspects such as power transmission and distribution prices, power sales, the establishment of a power trading center, and the launch of spot trading.

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