UPS lead-acid battery industry development status and technical performance
parameters. The composition and working principle of lead-acid batteries.
Lead-acid batteries are composed of positive plates, negative plates,
separators, electrolytes, plastic tanks, etc. UPS lead-acid batteries are the
most produced battery products in the world, accounting for 50% of all
batteries. Today, lead-acid batteries have become a common "consumer product" in
people's lives along with the rapid economic development.
Development status of UPS lead-acid battery industry
UPS batteries are mainly divided into four categories based on different
electrode materials and working principles: lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion
batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, and nickel-cadmium batteries. Among them,
lead-acid batteries have the advantages of high cost performance, large
capacity, high power, long life, safety and reliability. They are currently the
most produced and widely used battery in the world; lithium-ion batteries also
occupy a certain position due to their high energy density. market share.
The production process of UPS lead-acid batteries is relatively complex.
Currently, the production processes of maintenance-free lead-acid batteries in
the industry are mainly divided into lead strip rolling, lead paste kneading,
grid production, lead paste coating, curing and drying, and pole casting.
Processes include welding and pole group trough, through-wall welding, large
cover heat sealing and terminal welding, battery acid addition and formation,
small cover heat sealing and offline inspection.
Lead-acid batteries are UPS batteries with the largest market share and the
most widely used chemical batteries. Especially in applications such as starting
and large-scale energy storage, they will be difficult to be replaced by other
new batteries for a long time. Lead-acid batteries are relatively low-priced and
have comparative advantages such as mature technology, excellent high and low
temperature performance, stability and reliability, high safety, and good
resource reuse, and have obvious market competitive advantages.
With the breakthrough of new technologies and the application of new
structures, the continuous emergence of advanced lead-acid batteries such as
lead-carbon batteries, bipolar batteries, and non-lead grid batteries have
changed the shortcomings of low mass-energy ratio and short cycle life. And with
the gradual improvement of laws and regulations and the improvement of
management level, the risk of lead pollution can also be prevented and
controlled. It has injected new vitality into the sustainable development of the
lead-acid battery industry. In the future, lead-acid batteries will still play
an important role in backup power, energy storage, starting, power and other
application fields.
Looking at the entire lead-acid UPS battery market, the lead-acid battery
industry is in a mature stage in terms of competition quantity, growth rate,
exit barriers, degree of homogeneity, and competition level. However, the
overall quality of the industry is uneven and affected by the enterprises
themselves. Due to the limitations of factors, most companies focus on low-end
products and engage in price wars. Currently, the competition among existing
companies in the market is fierce.
In recent years, large and medium-sized lead-acid battery companies have
successively introduced green ecological design to reduce pollutants from the
source, improve resource utilization, and realize ecological product design.
Many lead-acid battery companies have stepped up technological transformation
and adopted more advanced and green process technologies to improve
environmental protection and occupational health protection. At the same time,
automation and intelligent equipment have been introduced to achieve energy
conservation and emission reduction in the manufacturing process. Some large
lead-acid battery companies also carry out waste battery recycling, embarking on
the path of green recycling and ecological civilization development.
UPS lead-acid battery technical performance parameters
1. Capacity
UPS battery capacity refers to the amount of electricity stored in a
lead-acid battery, represented by the symbol C. The commonly used unit is
ampere-hour, referred to as ampere-hour (Ah) or milliampere-hour.
2. Energy
The energy of UPS lead-acid batteries refers to the electrical energy that
the battery can provide under a certain discharge system, usually expressed in
watt hours (Wh). The energy of UPS battery is divided into theoretical energy
and actual energy. The specific energy of the battery is a comprehensive
indicator, which reflects the quality level of the battery and also indicates
the technology and management level of the manufacturer.
3. Cycle life
The battery undergoes a charge and discharge cycle, which is called a
cycle. Under certain discharge conditions, the number of cycles that the battery
can withstand before the battery reaches a certain specified capacity value is
called cycle life.
4. Storage performance
During the storage of UPS lead-acid batteries, due to the presence of
impurities in the battery, such as positively charged metal ions, these
impurities can form micro-batteries with the negative active material, resulting
in dissolution of the negative metal and precipitation of hydrogen.
5. Internal resistance
The internal resistance of the battery includes ohmic internal resistance
and polarization internal resistance, and the polarization internal resistance
includes electrochemical polarization and concentration polarization. The
existence of internal resistance makes the terminal voltage of the battery lower
than the battery electromotive force and open circuit voltage when discharging,
and the terminal voltage is higher than the electromotive force and open circuit
voltage when charging.
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