button battery cr2032.Research progress on carbon negative electrode materials for supercapacitor batteries?

　　Research progress on carbon negative electrode materials for supercapacitor batteries?

　　1 Introduction to supercapacitor batteries

　　Supercapacitor battery refers to a new energy storage device that combines double-layer capacitor energy storage and lithium ion de/intercalation energy storage. It has high energy density and high power density and is expected to be used in special aerospace, special specialties, electric vehicles, Energy storage devices with high energy density, high power density and other performance are widely used in fields such as electronic information and instrumentation that urgently need it. At present, research on supercapacitor battery energy storage devices has gradually become a hot topic.

　　As one of the key materials for supercapacitor batteries, the negative electrode material should have the characteristics of both lithium-ion battery negative electrode materials and supercapacitor electrode materials. So far, among the negative electrode materials for lithium-ion secondary batteries and supercapacitor negative electrode materials, carbon materials are the only ones commercialized, and there is still a lot of room for development in new and high-performance development. Therefore, carbon materials are still the most popular for lithium-ion secondary batteries. One of the hot spots in the research field of secondary battery anode materials and supercapacitor anode materials. Choosing carbon materials with wide sources, cheap prices and excellent performance as negative electrode materials for supercapacitor batteries has broad application prospects.

　　At present, there are relatively few studies specifically focusing on carbon negative electrode materials for supercapacitor batteries, but there are reports in the literature that certain methods have been used to prepare carbon materials that have both excellent double layer capacitance performance and lithium-ion battery performance. This article mainly reviews the current research status of carbon materials that have both double-layer capacitor and lithium-ion battery properties, points out the current shortcomings of these materials, and analyzes the future research directions of carbon anode materials for supercapacitor batteries.

　　2 Research progress on carbon negative electrode materials for supercapacitor batteries

　　In order to meet the requirements of lithium ion removal/intercalation energy storage, the negative electrode of a supercapacitor battery should meet the following requirements: small change in free energy during the insertion reaction of lithium ions, high diffusivity of lithium ions in the solid structure of the negative electrode, and a highly reversible insertion reaction. It has good electrical conductivity, stable thermodynamic properties and does not react with electrolytes. At the same time, in order to meet the needs of good double-layer energy storage, as the negative electrode of supercapacitor battery, it should also have good electrochemical stability, suitable pore structure and specific surface area, high potential window and other properties to ensure its performance at high voltage. The battery system has good performance, especially high rate performance. Current research is mainly divided into two categories: one is based on the fact that activated carbon meets the double electric layer energy storage, and the graphite intercalation compound satisfies the lithium ion de/intercalation energy storage, and the activated carbon and graphite intercalation compound are combined; the other is based on the double electric layer. According to the requirements of different carbon pore sizes for layer energy storage and lithium ion de/intercalation energy, different template methods are used to prepare carbon materials with three-dimensional pores.

　　2.1 Activated carbon and graphite composite materials

　　Activated carbon is the earliest carbon electrode material used in supercapacitors and is currently the most studied electrode material. As a supercapacitor electrode material, the advantages of activated carbon lie in its good conductivity, ultra-high specific surface area (up to more than 2000m2/g), and controllable pore structure. In addition, activated carbon also has the advantages of rich raw materials, low price, good processing performance, and stable chemical properties. Among carbon anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, graphite intercalation compounds (GIC) are the most successfully used. Compared with other intercalation materials, this carbon material has higher Faradaic capacity, high cycle efficiency and low electrochemical potential. At present, mesophase carbon microspheres (CMS) among GIC negative electrode materials, due to their spherical particles and highly ordered layer stacking structure, are conducive to the insertion and deintercalation of lithium ions from all directions of the sphere, avoiding the problems caused by other graphite materials. Defects such as swelling, collapse and poor cycle performance of graphite sheets caused by excessive anisotropy. CMS has become one of the main anode materials used in long-life lithium-ion batteries and power batteries due to its superior characteristics. The new negative electrode material prepared by Li Jie et al. by combining activated carbon and CMS has a specific capacity of 301.2mA·h/g in lithium-ion batteries and 25F/g in supercapacitors, and the potential window is increased to 3.5VvsLi/Li+ , the energy density is increased to 40.3W·h/kg. Because the outer coated carbon material is also expected to protect the inner CMS, effectively preventing damage to the CMS layers caused by the co-intercalation of solvated lithium ions and organic solvents, it has better battery characteristics. However, this carbon material has the following shortcomings when used in supercapacitor batteries:

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