r03 battery.Flexible amorphous silicon thin film solar cell technology

　　Flexible amorphous silicon thin film solar cell technology provided to you by electronic enthusiasts. In the past few decades, the continuous rapid development of human economic activities has caused a rapid increase in power demand. A solar cell is a semiconductor device that uses the photovoltaic effect to directly convert solar energy into electrical energy. It can easily be connected to the grid to generate electricity or be used as an independent device.

　　Characteristics of a flexible substrate thin film solar cell

　　In the past few decades, the continuous rapid development of human economic activities has caused a rapid increase in electricity demand. A solar cell is a semiconductor device that uses the photovoltaic effect to directly convert solar energy into electrical energy. It can easily be connected to the grid for power generation or used as an independent energy source. As we all know, solar cell power generation has many advantages, such as safety and reliability, no noise, no pollution, energy is available everywhere, no need to consume fuel, no mechanical rotating parts, low failure rate, easy maintenance, can be unattended, and can be of any size , can be easily combined with buildings, etc. These advantages are beyond the reach of conventional power generation.

　　At present, solar cell power generation has occupied an irreplaceable position in the fields of aerospace, communications and microelectronics, but it accounts for a small proportion in the overall energy structure of society. The main reason is that the cost of solar cells is high. To make it truly an energy system components, the cost must be significantly reduced. Thin film solar cells have greater advantages than crystalline silicon (single crystal or polycrystalline) solar cells in terms of cost reduction. First, after achieving thin film, expensive semiconductor materials can be greatly saved; second, the material preparation and battery of thin film cells It is formed at the same time, thus saving many processes; third, thin film solar cells adopt low-temperature process technology, which is not only conducive to energy saving and consumption reduction, but also facilitates the use of cheap substrates (glass, stainless steel, etc.). To this end, since the 1970s, countries around the world have invested heavily in formulating plans, organizing teams, and launching a research craze on thin-film solar cells. Over the past thirty years, great progress has been made in research, development and application.

　　Thin film solar cells mainly involve amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), copper indium gallium selenide (Cu(In, Ga)Se2, CIGS) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) photovoltaic cells and integrated components, which are mainly discussed in this article It is the most mature amorphous silicon solar cell currently commercialized. Thin film solar cells are divided into two categories: hard substrates and flexible substrates. The so-called flexible substrate solar cells refer to cells made on flexible materials (such as stainless steel, polyester film). Compared with hard substrate cells such as flat crystalline silicon and glass substrate amorphous silicon, its biggest feature is Lightweight, foldable and unbreakable. For example, the American Uni-Solar company uses stainless steel as the substrate. The thickness of stainless steel is only 127um, and it has excellent softness. It can be curled, cut, and pasted at will, even if it is bent into a small radius, hundreds of times. Curling, battery performance will not change. For amorphous silicon solar cells prepared with high molecular polymer polyimide as a flexible substrate, the total thickness of the device is about 100um (including the encapsulation layer), and the power-to-weight ratio can reach more than 500W/Kg, which is higher than that of amorphous silicon solar cells based on stainless steel substrates. Silicon cells are nearly ten times more powerful and are the lightest solar cells in the world. From the perspective of the preparation process, since the battery with this structure is manufactured using the roll-to-roll process, it facilitates large-area continuous production, has great potential for cost reduction, and is highly competitive.

　　Flexible substrate solar cells can be placed on the top of streamlined cars, on uneven surfaces such as the cabins of sailboats, rowing boats, and motorboats, and on the roofs and exterior walls of buildings such as houses. In addition, because flexible thin film batteries have a high mass specific power (500W/kg) and are flexible, they are very suitable for use on the surface of stratospheric airships for earth observation, and have bright prospects for use in special applications.

　　In recent years, the integration of photovoltaics and buildings (BIpV) promoted abroad has greatly promoted the development of photovoltaic grid-connected systems. Photovoltaic systems installed on urban buildings are usually connected to the public grid. Grid-connected photovoltaic systems do not need to be equipped with batteries, which saves investment and are not limited by the state of charge of the batteries. They can make full use of the power generated by the photovoltaic system; photovoltaic arrays are generally installed on idle roofs or exterior walls, without occupying additional land. , this is especially important for urban buildings with expensive land; summer is the peak season for electricity consumption, which also happens to be the period when the amount of sunshine is the largest and the photovoltaic system generates the most power, which can play a peak-shaving role in the power grid; the photovoltaic array absorbs solar energy and converts it into electrical energy. It greatly reduces the overall outdoor temperature, reduces the heat gain of the wall and the cooling load of the indoor air conditioner, so it can also play a role in building energy conservation.

　　The development of BIpV is currently a major research hotspot in the world for large-scale use of photovoltaic technology to generate electricity. Western developed countries are actively pursuing it as a key project. In addition to installing photovoltaic panels on roofs, products that install photovoltaic cells in tiles have been introduced. In addition, foreign countries are also studying photovoltaic wall structures (pVWALL), which combine photovoltaic systems with building exterior walls. It can be expected that the combination of photovoltaics and buildings will be one of the most important fields in future photovoltaic applications. Its development prospects are very broad and it has huge market potential. Flexible substrate thin film batteries will undoubtedly play an important role in it.

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