102450 polymer battery

　　Technical direction of TSLA's "Edamame 3" 102450 polymer battery

　　Automobile electrification and intelligence are an unstoppable trend. TSLA integrates these two major directions. The components and technologies it uses, such as high-energy-density ternary material lithium batteries, intelligent driving technology, and OTA air upgrade systems, will set off a disruptive revolution in automobile electrification and intelligence in the world in the next five to ten years.

　　TSLA said that Model 3 reached the level of "large-scale mass production" in September, and it is expected to deliver 1,500 vehicles in the third quarter and 20,000 vehicles per month until December. The ultimate goal is to be able to produce 10,000 vehicles per week by 2018.

　　The Model 3 model has a benchmark significance, not only because TSLA can achieve profitability by reducing costs due to large-scale production, but also because of its popular route. The affordable price makes it possible for TSLA to enter ordinary people's homes. Its high-tech and extreme experience have attracted a large number of fans, leading a new trend of TSLA fan economy.

　　Model 3 is to TSLA like IPhone 4 is to Apple. In 2010, the release of iPhone 4 brought about a huge change in the industry as mobile phones entered the era of intelligence, prompting Apple to become the industry leader; in 2017, Model 3 is expected to replicate the huge success of iPhone 4 when it enters the market. Because TSLA and Apple have many similar genes, such as leading technology, excellent user experience and disruptive business model, which will make TSLA's industrial chain expected to replicate the glory of Apple's industrial chain.

　　Now, automobile intelligence and electrification have become an unstoppable trend. TSLA combines these two major directions. The components and technologies it uses, such as high-energy-density ternary material lithium batteries, intelligent driving technology, OTA air upgrade system, and even its unique business model, indicate the new direction of the future development of new energy vehicles. In the next five to ten years, this trend will set off a disruptive revolution in the electrification and intelligence of automobiles around the world.

　　Pursuing higher energy density: ternary batteries are the trend

　　TSLA Model 3 currently uses high-performance lithium batteries produced by Panasonic, which leads the direction of 102450 polymer battery material technology in three aspects: high-energy-density ternary materials, silicon-carbon negative electrodes, and wet-process diaphragms.

　　Among them, ternary materials are the clear development direction of positive electrode materials, and high nickel and low cobalt are the subdivision trends in ternary materials; negative electrode materials will still be dominated by graphite in the short term, but the use of silicon-carbon negative electrode in Model 3 batteries may accelerate the maturity of this technology; the technical route of lithium hexafluorophosphate as the mainstream electrolyte solute is difficult to change, and the technical development focuses on the development of additives; the increase in the proportion of ternary material batteries will lead the diaphragm technology direction from dry method to safer wet method preparation.

　　At present, most of the positive electrode materials of domestic new energy vehicle power lithium batteries are lithium iron phosphate, while all foreign ones are ternary materials, most of which are NCM. High nickel ternary materials are the mainstream demand direction in the future. Regarding NCM ternary materials, the most widely used ones are 532 and 111 materials. In order to meet the requirements of high energy density and low cost of materials, the trend of "high nickel and low cobalt" is obvious, and high nickel ternary materials such as 811 will become the mainstream demand direction in the future, further driving the demand for NCA ternary materials.

　　TSLA uses NCA (nickel-cobalt-aluminum system) ternary positive electrode material 102450 polymer battery, which is currently the lithium 102450 polymer battery with the best performance and highest energy density. With the gradual development of new energy vehicles, people's requirements for the range and energy density of passenger cars have also increased. Therefore, it is a general trend to produce new energy vehicles equipped with high energy density, high capacity batteries and at a price acceptable to the public. Due to the low energy density of lithium iron phosphate batteries, ordinary ternary batteries (NCM523, 622) barely meet the requirements. TSLA has been forward-looking and started using high-nickel ternary NCA18650 batteries on its model S models since 2013. And TSLA has continued to improve its energy density and performance, and strived to create high energy density batteries to provide higher capacity and longer 102450 polymer battery life for new energy vehicles.

　　In order to solve the 102450 polymer battery life problem of small body, Model 3 uses NCA (nickel cobalt aluminum system) 21700 batteries supplied by Panasonic, which is the cylindrical 102450 polymer battery with the highest energy density on the market. The traditional 18650 cylindrical 102450 polymer battery has a single cell diameter of 18mm, a length of 65mm, and a single cell capacity of 3.1Ah; the diameter of the 21700 102450 polymer battery is increased to 21mm, the length is increased to 70mm, and the overall volume has increased by 46.58%. Under the current conditions, the energy density of the 21700 102450 polymer battery system is around 300Wh/kg, which is about 20% higher than the 250Wh/kg of the 18650 102450 polymer battery.

　　According to Panasonic's power lithium 102450 polymer battery monomer test data, the single cell capacity of the 21700 102450 polymer battery can reach 3-4.8Ah, an increase of 35%, and the capacity increase after grouping is 20%. Due to the increase in the single cell capacity of the 21700 102450 polymer battery, the number of cells required for the 102450 polymer battery pack at the same energy density will also be reduced accordingly, thereby driving down costs. When the single cell energy density is increased by 35%, if the same system energy density is to be achieved, the number of batteries required can be reduced by about 1/3, and the corresponding 102450 polymer battery cell cost can also be reduced by 1/3.

　　Intelligent driving technology: a great change that subverts the automotive industry

　　TSLA is not only an outstanding representative of new energy vehicles, but its intelligence also represents the development direction of the future automotive industry.

　　In the future, as Model 3 is gradually owned and experienced by more people, consumers' awareness of intelligent driving systems will gradually increase, and there will be more demand for intelligent driving functions. The demonstration effect brought by this model will greatly promote the traditional automotive industry to accelerate the layout of intelligent driving.

　　In terms of intelligent driving, Model 3 retains the Autopilot system, including assisted driving and fully automatic driving functions. In automatic driving mode, Model 3 can achieve assisted steering within the lane line, automatically change lanes after turning on the turn signal, and automatically adjust the speed during active cruise control; through the digital integrated control of motor power, braking system, and steering system, it can help the vehicle prevent collisions from the front and side, and prevent the vehicle from sliding off the road; it can also search for nearby parking places, issue reminders when an empty parking space is detected, and park in the parking space according to the driver's instructions.

　　At present, the assisted driving function has been realized on all TSLA models, and users need to press the time when driving the car to unlock it. The fully autonomous driving function is yet to be perfected. TSLA said that it is expected to achieve autonomous driving in 2018. Since TSLA's cars are basically equipped with the hardware foundation for autonomous driving when they leave the factory, this function can be achieved only through software upgrades. In the United States, the assisted driving function costs $5,000 and the fully autonomous driving function requires an additional $3,000. In my country, according to Qidian Research's understanding of TSLA marketing personnel, the assisted driving function costs 50,000 and the fully autonomous driving function costs 200,000, but the fully autonomous driving function has not yet been unlocked.

　　0TA air upgrade and deep learning

　　Since the intelligent driving function must be achieved through continuous software upgrades, a fast and easy upgrade experience is particularly important. TSLA uses the same OTA (over the air) air upgrade technology as Apple, which means that TSLA cars can upgrade the system like the iPhone. This is the first time that this technology has been used in the automotive industry.

　　For traditional car owners, basic function upgrades such as navigation map updates require manufacturers to send USBs to car owners or car owners to drive to 4S stores to replace and upgrade, and it takes a certain amount of time and money. This process is particularly cumbersome. As for TSLA owners, they can complete the update through OTA air upgrade technology and enjoy many new functions, saving time and effort.

　　When TSLA has new function updates, it can be pushed remotely to TSLA owners. Car owners only need to download and install the new system for free when connected to the Internet to enjoy the latest functions of TSLA. This requires that TSLA has the conditions to realize more new functions in hardware during design and manufacturing, such as equipping various ultrasonic and camera sensors in hardware. In the future, new functions such as lane departure warning, automatic cruise control, automatic emergency braking, automatic parking, mobile phone/key remote control, etc. can be "unlocked" step by step through software upgrades. Car owners can even improve the power performance of TSLA by updating the system, because TSLA can optimize the inverter algorithm through firmware upgrades to improve power performance; when TSLA has a software-level failure, the system vulnerability can be repaired only through remote updates.

　　Therefore, OTA technology is a crucial performance feature of TSLA. It enables TSLA to continuously improve the user experience by continuously unlocking new functions, and it is indistinguishable in models launched at different times, greatly increasing the added value of the product. OTA upgrades connect both supply and demand, seemingly technological innovation, but in fact it is a subversion of the business model. The profit model of traditional car companies is just to sell cars, and the after-sales market is left to dealers. After selling the car, TSLA establishes a connection between car owners and car manufacturers through OTA upgrades. As the system continues to upgrade, some of the paid functions can also expand the company's profit space.

　　It is also worth mentioning that TSLA's deep learning function. TSLA's autonomous driving system can quickly obtain a large amount of autonomous driving data at a low cost and upload it back to the headquarters to improve performance.

　　On the one hand, TSLA's intelligent driving system can collect car owners' driving habits and understand how to drive better under different road conditions. As time goes by, TSLA's system will become smarter and smarter. Specifically, TSLA is currently unable to achieve fully autonomous driving and requires active intervention from the driver. Every active intervention is a learning opportunity for TSLA, which corrects the "mistakes made" and continuously improves its functions.

　　On the other hand, the intelligent driving system will also upload the automatically collected driving data to TSLA's "fleet learning network". Once a car learns one thing, all TSLA cars will learn it. This is a very obvious advantage for TSLA, which has already been mass-produced. According to Sterling Anderson, director of TSLA's autonomous driving project, more than 70,000 TSLA cars are currently equipped with autonomous driving functions, and about 1.25 billion kilometers of driving data have been collected, of which about 160 million kilometers are autonomous driving data. Obviously, such a large amount of road test data can help TSLA's autonomous driving system learn more quickly and become an "experienced driver" faster.

　　Disruptive business model

　　TSLA is also special in that it not only has disruptive technology, but also a disruptive business model.

　　For example, it subverts the traditional marketing model. The traditional automobile marketing channel is through 4S stores, but TSLA does not use it at all. It only sells through experience stores and online direct sales. This is the same as Apple. For any new product, consumers can go to the experience store to see, touch and feel it, and after placing an order, it will be sent directly from the manufacturer.

　　In terms of after-sales service, it uses cloud services, that is, through its control center, self-diagnosis is performed through the control screen. When a small problem occurs in the use of the car, it is placed in the cloud space for service, allowing the owner to solve it through self-diagnosis.

　　In addition, in terms of brand communication, TSLA relies on word-of-mouth communication. It does not advertise on TV or in print media. Its purchasing model is even more unique. To buy TSLA, you need to pay a deposit first. When the production is not very large, it will take several years to receive the goods. It is this hunger marketing that makes TSLA fans line up in a long line. At present, the number of reservations worldwide has exceeded 500,000.

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