Advanced large-capacity energy storage technology specifically refers to
energy storage technology used in power systems with a capacity of above
kilowatts and superior comprehensive performance. As a key supporting technology
for large-scale access to renewable energy, peak shaving and valley filling of
traditional power systems, and load balancing of distributed regional energy
systems, large-capacity energy storage technology has become the commanding
heights of future energy technology innovation in the world. Current mainstream
energy storage technologies such as pumped storage, lithium-ion batteries, and
lead-acid batteries are increasingly unable to meet the rapidly developing
demand for large-capacity energy storage. All-vanadium redox flow batteries are
safe and environmentally friendly, have long lifespan, are large-scale, and have
high efficiency. Features such as freedom of location selection make it one of
the first choices for large-capacity and efficient energy storage technology.
The application value of all-vanadium redox flow battery technology is
increasingly valued. my country's all-vanadium redox flow battery technology and
application are leading the world and are expected to become a rising star in
the field of large-capacity energy storage.
A rising star in large-scale energy storage
my country has complete vanadium redox flow battery technology and leads
the world in industrial development. my country has the world's leading
all-vanadium redox flow battery technology service company, and has formed an
independent intellectual property system for all-vanadium redox flow batteries
throughout the industry chain, including mass production of flow batteries,
module design and manufacturing, and system integration control. The cumulative
scale of all-vanadium redox flow battery energy storage projects that have been
put into operation in my country is second only to the two traditional
electrochemical energy storage technologies, lithium-ion batteries and lead-acid
batteries, accounting for approximately 4% of the country's electrochemical
energy storage scale and 10% of the global all-vanadium redox flow battery
energy storage projects. 17.8% of the flow battery energy storage scale. my
country is also the largest producer of all-vanadium redox flow batteries, and
the international market share of vanadium electrolyte reaches more than
90%.
All-vanadium redox flow batteries have obvious advantages and have become
one of the preferred technologies in the field of large-capacity energy storage.
Compared with other energy storage technologies, all-vanadium redox flow
batteries have obvious advantages: First, they are safe and environmentally
friendly. The energy storage medium of the all-vanadium redox flow battery is a
dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution containing vanadium ions, which is not
prone to explosion and combustion. The vanadium electrolyte can be recycled
repeatedly. The second is long cycle life. The number of battery charge and
discharge cycles is more than 15,000 times, and the service life is 15 to 20
years. Third, the energy conversion efficiency is high and the charge and
discharge characteristics are good. The energy efficiency is about 80%, the
response speed is fast, it can be deeply discharged, and it is suitable for
rapid charging and discharging of large currents. Fourth, it has large capacity.
The energy storage capacity ranges from hundreds of kilowatt hours to hundreds
of megawatt hours, which is especially suitable for large-capacity fixed energy
storage applications.
The demonstration project has achieved initial results and is ready for
large-scale promotion. According to statistics, there are 40-50 vanadium battery
projects in the world. Since 2013, my country Guodian Zhangbei Wind and Solar
Storage and Transmission Demonstration Project, Guodian Longyuan Shenyang
Woniushi Wind Farm, Liaoning Wind Power Co., Ltd. Heishan Wind Farm, Guodian
Hefeng Jinzhou Wind Farm All-vanadium redox flow battery energy storage
demonstration projects above the megawatt level have been successively deployed,
among which the all-vanadium redox flow battery (5MW/10MWH) in Woniushi Wind
Farm is the largest. Demonstration projects have played an important role in
peak shaving and valley filling and reducing wind and solar power
abandonment.
Commercialization faces three major bottlenecks
First, the cost needs to be further broken through, and the market needs to
be further opened. Although the cost of my country's all-vanadium redox flow
battery is lower than the international level, it is still at a higher level
compared with lead storage and lithium-ion batteries. The initial investment of
all-vanadium redox flow battery reaches 3000-4000 yuan/kWh and 10000-15000
yuan/kW. , leading to a decline in the market share of all-vanadium flow
batteries in the past two years.
Second, the standard system is not sound enough, and standard construction
has just begun. All-vanadium redox flow battery energy storage is an emerging
industry, and the formulation of relevant standards at home and abroad is in the
active exploration stage. As a country with internationally leading all-vanadium
redox flow battery technology, my country has only introduced all-vanadium redox
flow battery terminology, safety national standards.
Third, the business model is in urgent need of innovation and the subsidy
policy has not yet been established. At present, energy storage operation mainly
adopts the "investment + operation" model, which makes investment pressure and
risk high. Investment projects are concentrated on the power generation side and
the user side. The power generation side mainly relies on the storage of
abandoned power during power restrictions, and the user side relies on the
peak-valley price difference. Arbitrage and electricity bill management, but
there are problems such as imperfect pricing and compensation mechanisms.
Promote from three aspects
The first is to reduce battery costs and promote technology
industrialization. Develop low-cost technology, establish a low-cost technology
research and development base for all-vanadium redox flow batteries, and develop
low-cost technologies such as ion-conducting membranes and electrolytes for
all-vanadium redox flow batteries; promote large-scale mass production and
formulate an industrial development route for all-vanadium redox flow batteries
Figure 1: Prioritize the deployment of all-vanadium redox flow batteries in
provinces with large vanadium resources such as Hebei and Sichuan. Use the scale
effect to promote the reduction of equipment unit investment costs, and strive
to reduce the cost of all-vanadium redox flow batteries to 2,500 yuan/kWh by
2020; expand application areas , carry out pilot demonstrations of all-vanadium
redox flow batteries in microgrids, smart grids, alternative diesel units,
island power supply, new urban energy layout, charging station construction,
multi-energy complementation in industrial parks, etc., accumulate successful
experience, and promote it by expanding downstream applications upstream
production.
The second is to improve the standards system and actively participate in
the formulation of international standards. Research and formulate the "China
Flow Battery Technology Industry Standard", taking the all-vanadium flow battery
application process as the main line, divided into planning and design,
equipment and testing, installation and commissioning, operation and
maintenance, recycling and other aspects, standardizing the electrolyte and ion
membrane and other key component technical conditions; domestic leading
companies should actively participate in the formulation of international flow
battery technology industry standards, strive for more say in international
standards, and strive to incorporate our country's technology into international
standards.
The third is to explore the establishment of subsidy policies and cultivate
sustainable business models. In the short term, the country should establish
subsidy policies such as demonstration electricity prices (kWh subsidies),
construction subsidies (kilowatt subsidies), priority grid connection and full
purchase of electricity to support the current development of the energy storage
industry. In the long term, to establish an electricity price or compensation
mechanism that reflects the commercial value of energy storage, it is
recommended that relevant national departments incorporate energy storage
development into the power system reform, study and formulate pricing mechanisms
such as energy storage electricity prices, peaking prices, frequency regulation
prices, and ancillary services, and establish storage It provides a compensation
mechanism for energy projects in improving tracking plan output, improving power
output quality and environmental benefits, and promotes energy storage
construction and development through economic leverage. In terms of business
models, we will promote contract energy management, financial leasing and other
financial means for transaction management, promote BOT, BOO, BOOT, BLT, PPP and
other methods, introduce diversified capital, and promote the acquisition and
implementation of energy storage projects.
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