The industry is optimistic about the six new materials for lithium battery
packs, which have huge potential in the future. Current lithium battery pack
materials have low capacity and cannot meet the growing demand for lithium
batteries from terminals. We need new materials or technologies to achieve
breakthroughs in lithium battery packs. All activities in lithium battery packs
are based on materials, and materials with diversified functions will be needed
in the future. Let’s take a look at what new material breakthroughs have
unlimited potential in the future?
The following lithium battery pack materials have been favored by industry
insiders and may become a breakthrough in breaking the barriers of lithium
battery packs. The editor will introduce them to you one by one below.
1. Lithium titanate
In recent years, domestic research and development enthusiasm for lithium
titanate has been relatively high.
The main advantages of lithium titanate are:
It has a long cycle life, is a zero-strain material, and does not generate
a SEI film in the traditional sense;
It is highly safe, has a high lithium insertion potential, does not
generate dendrites, and has extremely high thermal stability during charging and
discharging;
Can be charged quickly.
Disadvantages: The main factor currently limiting the use of lithium
titanate is that the price is too high, which is higher than traditional
graphite. In addition, the gram capacity of lithium titanate is very low, about
170mAh/g. Only by improving the production process and reducing production costs
can the advantages of lithium titanate such as long cycle life and fast charging
be brought into play. Combining the market and technology, lithium titanate is
more suitable for use in buses and energy storage fields that do not require
space.
2. Graphene
Advantages: Since graphene won the Nobel Prize in 2010, it has attracted
global attention, especially in China. There has been an upsurge in research and
development of graphene in China, which has many excellent properties, such as
good light transmittance, excellent electrical conductivity, high thermal
conductivity, and high mechanical strength.
As a positive and negative electrode additive, it can improve the stability
of lithium battery packs, extend cycle life, and increase internal
conductivity.
Disadvantages: In view of the immature mass production process, high price
and unstable performance of graphene, graphene will be the first to be used as a
positive and negative electrode additive in lithium battery packs.
3. Silicon-carbon composite anode material
Advantages: As a type of future anode material, silicon-carbon composite
material has a theoretical gram capacity of about 4200mAh/g, which is more than
10 times higher than the 372mAh/g of graphite anodes. After its
industrialization, it will greatly improve the performance of batteries.
capacity.
Disadvantages: During the charging and discharging process, the volume
expansion can reach 300%, which will cause the silicon material particles to be
pulverized and cause material capacity loss. At the same time, the liquid
absorption capacity is poor. Poor cycle life. At present, the above problems are
being solved through nanometerization of silicon powder, silicon carbon coating,
doping and other means, and some companies have made certain progress.
4. Lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials
High capacity is one of the development directions of lithium battery
packs, but the energy density of current cathode materials is 580Wh/kg for
lithium iron phosphate and 750Wh/kg for lithium nickel cobalt manganate, both of
which are on the low side. The theoretical energy density of lithium-rich
manganese-based batteries can reach 900Wh/kg, making it a research and
development hotspot.
The advantages of lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials include:
high energy density and abundant main raw materials.
Disadvantages: The first discharge efficiency is very low, the material
evolves oxygen during the cycle, causing safety hazards, the cycle life is poor,
and the rate performance is low. But the potential is huge.
5. Coating diaphragm
The separator is crucial to the safety of lithium battery packs, which
requires the separator to have good electrochemical and thermal stability, as
well as maintain a high degree of wettability to the electrolyte during repeated
charging and discharging.
The function of the coated separator is:
Improve the thermal shrinkage resistance of the diaphragm to prevent the
diaphragm from shrinking and causing large-area short circuits;
The coating material has low thermal conductivity, which prevents certain
thermal runaway points in the battery from expanding to form overall thermal
runaway.
6. Carbon nanotubes
Carbon nanotubes themselves have excellent conductive properties. At the
same time, due to their small depth and short stroke when deintercalating
lithium, as a negative electrode material, they have less polarization during
high-rate charge and discharge, which can improve the high-rate charge and
discharge performance of lithium batteries. Utilize its unique hollow structure,
high conductivity and large specific surface area as a carrier to improve the
electrical properties of other negative electrode materials.
Disadvantages: When carbon nanotubes are directly used as negative
electrode materials for lithium battery packs, there will be problems such as
high irreversible capacity, voltage lag, and unclear discharge platform.
In short, the future market prospects of the above new lithium battery pack
materials cannot be underestimated. Industry experts have always been optimistic
that they are the most promising new materials for lithium battery packs.
Although they still have some disadvantages and shortcomings at present, in the
future they will continue to improve and break through themselves to become the
most potential new material for lithium battery packs.
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