CR2450 battery

In the future, there will still be rigid demand for fast-charging CR2450 battery, but the scale will not rise in a short time.

Fast charging technology itself is a good technology, but there are many restrictions at present. At present, mainstream customers hope to charge at night, and only about 10% of customers will choose fast charging because of insufficient charging stations. In the future, there will still be rigid demand for fast-charging CR2450 battery, but the scale will not rise in a short time.

At the two sessions held in March this year, Li Xiangbin, deputy to the National People's Congress and deputy secretary of the Hefei Public Transport Party Branch, mentioned that "as an important position for new energy vehicles, the battery life of buses is not optimistic. Due to factors such as large battery size, slow charging, and low storage capacity, the rapid development of new energy buses is restricted. I hope that the country can increase investment, speed up research and development efforts in lithium battery fast charging technology, and improve the battery life of buses."

In fact, improving the energy density and fast charging performance of CR2450 battery is considered to be a feasible path to solve the current consumer range anxiety problem. The so-called fast charging is to fully charge the battery in a very short time. Electric vehicle fast charging refers to a charging method with a charging current greater than 1.6C, which means that it takes less than 30 minutes to charge from 0% to 80%. At present, many battery companies in the industry have started to deploy fast charging.

Aiming at the user's "mileage anxiety", why is fast charging technology popular but not popular?

Many companies are deploying battery fast charging technology

So far, a variety of technical routes including lithium titanate, multi-component composite lithium and lithium iron phosphate have been engaged in a fierce tug-of-war in the domestic fast charging market. From the performance point of view, the several technical routes have their own advantages and disadvantages. It is understood that there are already battery companies claiming that their fast charging technology can reach 8C or even 10C, which means that electric vehicles equipped with this battery can be fully charged in as fast as 6 minutes, which is a very obvious advantage.

However, despite the obvious advantages of fast charging technology, the application of fast charging batteries has always been less than ideal, and is mostly limited to the field of new energy buses. A person in charge of a car company said, "It is difficult to promote fast charging bus models, and it is basically impossible to promote them in the first half of this year." In the industry context where the energy density of non-fast charging batteries is rapidly increasing and the cost is greatly reduced, some people even believe that fast charging batteries will become a veritable chicken rib product and will gradually decline.

Fast-charging battery technology is becoming more and more perfect

In general, the current mainstream fast-charging battery technology is mainly divided into three categories, namely lithium titanate fast-charging battery, lithium manganate fast-charging battery, lithium iron phosphate and ternary fast-charging battery. Among them, lithium titanate power battery is named after the negative electrode material, and the positive electrode adopts ternary material, with Zhuhai Yinlong and Microvast Power as typical representatives. In terms of performance, lithium titanate battery has excellent low-temperature performance, good safety and recyclability, and high charging rate.

However, there are two prominent problems with lithium titanate at present: first, the energy density is relatively low. Under the pressure of policies and markets requiring continuous improvement of energy density, the market prospects of lithium titanate are worrying; secondly, affected by high-cost small metal materials such as titanium, nickel and cobalt, the cost of lithium titanate battery is obviously higher than other fast-charging technology routes. So far, only a small number of models equipped with lithium titanate batteries have entered the recommended catalog.

Why is the fast-charging technology aimed at users' "mileage anxiety" so popular but not popular?

Zhuhai Yinlong Lithium Titanate Fast Charge Battery

Lithium manganate fast charge battery has outstanding characteristics such as excellent power performance, high discharge rate performance, good low temperature performance, and high voltage frequency. In addition, with the crazy rise of ternary upstream raw materials, the cost advantage of lithium manganate is gradually becoming prominent. In recent years, the proportion of lithium manganate fast charge batteries in the field of plug-in hybrid buses has increased significantly, and representative companies include CITIC Guoan Mengguli, Yipeng New Energy, and Microvast Power.

It is understood that the MpCO battery previously released by Microvast Power uses high-capacity and high-power lithium manganate positive electrode materials, with a single cell energy density of 170wh/kg, which can achieve 15 minutes of fast charging. On the basis of maintaining fast charging and long life capabilities, it has more cost advantages than lithium titanate. However, the disadvantages of lithium manganate are also obvious, such as insufficient cycle life, low energy density, and high temperature performance. There is still a need to achieve breakthroughs.

Aiming at the user's "mileage anxiety", why is the fast charging technology not popular?

MpCO fast-charging battery exhibited by Microvast Europe

Based on the above situation, some companies have turned their research and development direction to lithium iron phosphate materials with lower cost and stronger safety. After continuous attempts, lithium iron phosphate has been modified by means of grain refinement, surface carbon coating, and unit cell element doping, which successfully improved the conductivity of lithium iron phosphate and made traditional lithium iron phosphate materials have fast charging properties. Its characteristics are mature technology, low cost, good safety, and moderate energy density.

In addition to lithium iron phosphate, multi-composite materials have also become the exploration direction of fast-charging batteries, and ternary materials are the most important attempt. Ternary material fast-charging batteries are mainly modified by carbon-based materials of the negative electrode, which increases the pores of the carbon-based materials of the negative electrode, and greatly increases the number of channels for lithium ion migration and embedding. Through the combination of high-energy-density materials, the energy density of ternary battery products is also improved while meeting the requirements of fast charging.

Not long ago, a special seminar on high-power charging pilot projects for electric vehicles was successfully held in Ningde. During the meeting, CATL demonstrated to the delegates the charging process of the super iron lithium battery using the "super iron lithium + high energy density fast charging graphite" system. The product has a capacity of 60Ah and can be charged at 5C. The demonstration process took 7 minutes and 12 seconds to complete the charging from 20% to 80%, and it only took 13 minutes and 8 seconds to complete the 100% charging.

It is understood that the energy density of CATL's super iron lithium battery 5C fast-charging product system is above 70Wh/kg, and the 3C high-energy product is above 115Wh/kg, with a cycle life of 10,000 times. In addition, the ternary system fast-charging battery developed by CATL can be charged from 5% to 85% in 15 minutes, with an energy density of 190Wh/kg and a cycle life of 2,500 times. In the future, under the premise of ensuring 4C fast charging, the energy density will rise to 210Wh/kg.

Why is the fast-charging technology aimed at users' "mileage anxiety" so popular but not popular?

CATL's Super Iron-Lithium Battery "Fast Ion Ring" Technology

Dr. Wang Shengwei, project leader of CATL's fast-charging battery project, said that CATL used a unique "fast ion ring" technology on the surface of the graphite negative electrode, which is equivalent to creating a circle of high-speed runway on the surface of the graphite, greatly improving the embedding speed of lithium ions in the graphite layer, so that the modified graphite has both super fast charging capability and high energy density, with 4-5C fast charging capability, and can achieve 10-15 minutes of fast charging.

Overall, lithium iron phosphate and ternary fast-charging batteries are optimized and potential excavated within the most mature battery system, with relatively low process and material costs. Combined with mature technical background and stable product performance, lithium iron phosphate and ternary fast-charging batteries have greater development potential. It is reported that the battery with an energy density of 190Wh/kg and a full charge in 15 minutes developed by CATL has mass production capacity and will be used in passenger cars.

So far, fast-charging CR2450 battery are mainly used in the field of new energy buses. However, from the perspective of market development, the growth rate and market size of passenger cars will be higher than that of buses in the future. Therefore, the consumption structure of fast-charging CR2450 battery will also shift to this type of vehicle in the future. Based on the performance of the three types of fast-charging CR2450 battery, lithium iron phosphate and ternary systems may eventually stand out and become the mainstream of the future fast-charging market, especially passenger cars.

It will take some time for large-scale promotion and application

However, in contact with many new energy vehicle companies, it can be seen that the fast-charging battery technology with many advantages does not seem to be very popular in actual applications. Industry insiders believe that there are three main reasons why fast-charging batteries are not popular: 1. Fast-charging battery technology is not mature enough; 2. It is difficult to build fast-charging charging stations, which has a greater impact on the power grid; 3. Fast-charging batteries are expensive, and energy-type CR2450 battery are more affordable.

"Currently, conventional lithium batteries can be fast-charged, but the battery capacity will decay and fail rapidly. Only specially designed fast-charging batteries can be competent for high-intensity use of electric vehicles." Industry insiders mentioned that fast charging causes irreversible capacity loss of batteries, reduced battery life, increased battery and line temperature, and reduced life. If fast-charging technology is used for a long time, in extreme cases, it is very likely to cause safety accidents.

Wang Shengwei mentioned that at present, most battery cell factories achieve fast charging by increasing the current. Under high current, the heat generated by the battery and charging system is also large, which is also a great challenge to the vehicle's thermal management system. Improving the efficiency of thermal management, exploring the use of direct cooling on the vehicle, and non-vehicle cooling systems are all possible challenges. At the same time, it is necessary to solve the problems of microscopic expansion and collapse of materials and decomposition of electrolytes during charging.

Aiming at the user's "mileage anxiety", why is fast charging technology popular but not popular?

Will fast charging affect the stability of the power grid?

In terms of charging, the power of fast charging can reach 350kW, which is a great instantaneous burden on the existing power grid and may affect the stability of the power grid. At the same time, the delay in the design and laying of charging facilities may have a negative impact on the promotion of fast charging. Fast charging piles are either built at the starting point or at the end point. If the urban planning is not clear, the initial construction of stations and the matching of charging facilities are difficult for the government and operators to decide.

In addition, road operators usually do not refuse to use fast charging vehicles, but they are reluctant to talk about prices because fast charging CR2450 battery are more expensive than lithium iron phosphate batteries. As the battery current and voltage increase, the power devices of the vehicle-mounted power electronics are new challenges. Due to technical limitations, only some foreign manufacturers can provide related products, which involves patents and vehicle cost increases, which is what car companies are most reluctant to see.

"Time has an opportunity cost, and saving charging time is very important. From the perspective of guidance, there is no problem in developing fast-charging CR2450 battery." Jiang Wenchun, president of Chengdu Xingneng, said that the current unit cost of fast-charging batteries is relatively high, which will be solved in the development process. As the energy density of fast-charging batteries increases, the unit cost will decrease accordingly. At the same time, with the improvement of urban planning levels, it will be more conducive to the construction of fast-charging charging facilities.

Previously, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "Notice on Adjusting and Improving the Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles", which made specific requirements for the system energy density of non-fast-charging new energy buses, passenger cars and commercial vehicles, and only required the charging rate to be greater than 3C for non-fast-charging models. It can be seen that the policy threshold for fast-charging batteries is still relatively low.

Targeting users' "mileage anxiety", why is fast charging technology popular but not popular?

The catalog only requires 3C rate for fast charging buses

"To truly realize the market promotion of new energy vehicles and allow consumers to use new energy vehicles more safely and conveniently, it is an inevitable trend to develop high-safety, fast-charging, and long-life battery technology. First of all, safety is an issue we need to consider. Secondly, the battery needs to have fast charging capabilities to meet consumers' mobility needs and effectively alleviate users' mileage anxiety." Song Han, marketing director of Microvast Power, mentioned.

It is understood that Microvast Power's lithium manganese oxide fast charging battery and Zhuhai Yinlong's lithium titanate battery have both been maturely applied in the field of new energy buses. CATL's super iron lithium fast charging products have been used in large quantities in the commercial vehicle field, and more than 2,600 electric buses equipped with CATL's super fast charging products are in operation. CATL's ternary fast charging technology for passenger cars can currently achieve a range of 350 kilometers and complete charging within 15 minutes. It has negotiated cooperation with many passenger car companies.

As for the future market trend of fast-charging CR2450 battery, Yang Qi, marketing director of CATL, has a more objective view: "Fast charging technology itself is a good technology, but it currently has many restrictions. At present, mainstream customers (90%) hope to use electricity at night, and only about 10% of customers may choose fast charging due to insufficient charging stations. In the future, the fast-charging power battery market will still have rigid demand, but the scale will not grow in a short period of time."

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