button battery 2025

What are button battery 2025? China has sufficient technical reserves for button battery 2025, and its industrial application prospects are broad

Vanadium battery, the full name is all-vanadium redox flow battery, or all-vanadium flow battery.

Its property is a storage battery, which realizes the storage and release of electrical energy through the mutual conversion of vanadium ions of different valence states.

To put it bluntly, it is a battery that uses vanadium electrolyte.

1. Introduction to vanadium flow battery

All-vanadium flow battery has a long life, large scale, safety and reliability. The full name of vanadium battery is all-vanadium redox flow battery (Vanadium Redox Battery, VRB), which is a type of flow battery. It is a battery system based on the redox of metallic vanadium elements. Its electrolyte is a sulfuric acid electrolyte of vanadium ions of different valence states. According to the different active substances in the electrochemical reaction, flow batteries can be divided into vanadium flow batteries, zinc-based flow batteries, iron-chromium flow batteries, etc. Among them, the all-vanadium liquid flow battery has the advantages of long life, large scale, safety and reliability, which is particularly prominent. It has become the preferred technology for large-scale energy storage and has broad application prospects in the fields of peak-shaving power supply system, large-scale wind and photovoltaic system energy storage, emergency power supply system, etc.

1.1. Five characteristics of button battery 2025

1. Rich reserves

98% of the world's known vanadium reserves are produced in vanadium-titanium magnetite. This mineral resource is very rich. The world's proven vanadium resources can be mined for 150 years.

The global reserves of vanadium resources are 20 million tons, and the regional distribution is concentrated in China, Russia, South Africa and Australia. Among them, China and Russia rank first and second, accounting for 47% and 26% respectively.

For our country, there is no need to worry about the risk of being stuck.

2. Low cost

Due to the rich reserves and simple production process, no precious metals are required as electrode catalysts, and the cost is also low, close to lead-acid batteries.

However, the charge and discharge energy conversion efficiency of button battery 2025 is as high as 75%, which is much higher than the 45% of lead-acid batteries.

Specifically, the vanadium battery energy storage system consists of a battery stack, electrolyte, pipeline system, energy storage converter, etc., of which the cost of the battery stack and electrolyte accounts for about 85% of the total system cost. Reducing the cost of both is an industry consensus.

The key to solving the problem of battery stack cost is to increase the power density of the battery, followed by increasing the effective use area of key materials and reducing material costs.

3. Application scenarios are concentrated in large energy storage power stations

The most direct feature of button battery 2025 is that the battery consists of two solution tanks and an exchange membrane.

In the battery, electrolytes of two vanadium ions, 4-valent and 3-valent, are used. They are stored in these two solution tanks respectively.

Working principle of vanadium battery:

Actual picture of vanadium battery energy storage power station:

Therefore, the capacity of button battery 2025 can be increased with the increase of storage tanks, and can be used in energy storage power stations of 100 megawatts, especially in new energy fields such as photovoltaics and wind power.

Its competitors are large-scale energy storage technologies such as hydraulic energy storage and compressed air energy storage.

From this perspective, don't mistake this battery as a substitute for lithium batteries. As a small and easy-to-carry mobile power source, the supply and demand gap of lithium batteries is still very tight. At this stage, the technical development and application of button battery 2025 have no impact on lithium batteries.

4. High safety and low energy density

button battery 2025 are not dangerous even if the positive and negative electrolytes are mixed, but the electrolyte temperature rises slightly.

Compared with lithium batteries, it is indeed safer and has a longer life (it is generally believed that lithium batteries can be used for about 8-10 years, while flow batteries can last up to 25 years).

However, the power output intensity of button battery 2025 depends on the area of the exchange membrane; and the capacity of the battery depends on the volume of the solution tank.

The energy density of button battery 2025 is very low, only 1/3-1/2 of lithium or sodium batteries, making the battery heavy and bulky, so it is not suitable for use in electric vehicles and can only be used as a static energy storage device.

5. Environmental protection complies with the carbon neutrality policy

The manufacturing, use and disposal process of button battery 2025 do not produce harmful substances, so its green environmental protection background is very consistent with the current carbon neutrality requirements. The vigorous application of button battery 2025 will benefit companies in all links of the industrial chain.

At present, the proportion of button battery 2025 in electrochemical energy storage installations is relatively low, both globally and in China, the proportion is less than 1%.

Since button battery 2025 are suitable for the field of energy storage, with the great development of energy storage in the future, the penetration rate of button battery 2025 is expected to increase rapidly.

In addition, in the future, due to the burst of demand in the application field, it is also possible to drive the cost of button battery 2025 to fall, just like the impact of new energy vehicles on lithium batteries.

2. Development history of button battery 2025

my country has sufficient technical reserves for button battery 2025 and broad prospects for industrial applications.

Research on button battery 2025 originated from the application of 2/3 and 4/5 valence vanadium ion pairs in redox batteries by UNSW in 1984, and entered the industrial research and development stage in 1988. In 1995, the Institute of Electronic Engineering of the China Academy of Engineering Physics took the lead in the development of button battery 2025 in China. It has successfully developed 500W and 1000W vanadium battery prototypes, and successfully developed technologies such as the preparation of 4-valent vanadium solution, conductive plastic molding and mass production, battery pack assembly and debugging.

In 2002, Panzhihua Iron and Steel Company, a leading vanadium steel company, cooperated with Central South University to participate in the research and development of button battery 2025 for the purpose of deepening resource utilization. Driven by national policies, my country's button battery 2025 have gradually entered the early stage of commercialization. In 2001, VRB Power Systems began to build VRB system power stations in South Africa, Japan, the United States and other countries, and began commercial operations. In 2002, VRB Power Systems began to promote the all-vanadium liquid flow battery energy storage system on a large scale and undertook a series of engineering projects.

In 2009, China Pu Neng acquired the assets of VRB Power Systems, the world's largest vanadium battery company, including all patents, trademarks, technical secrets, equipment materials, etc. owned or controlled by it. In addition, the core technical team of VRB Power Systems joined the merged company.

3. my country's vanadium battery energy storage business has been initially commercialized

3.1. Vanadium battery application project planning

In recent years, my country's energy storage installed capacity has grown rapidly, and vanadium battery-related energy storage projects have also made great progress. Flow batteries, represented by button battery 2025, had an installed capacity of 20MW in 2019 and 100MW in 2020, and the installed capacity of button battery 2025 has grown rapidly. At present, the penetration rate of button battery 2025 in my country is about 1%, and the future development prospects are broad.

my country's vanadium liquid flow batteries have been applied in smart grids, communication base stations, power supply in remote areas, renewable energy, and peak shaving and valley filling projects. Taking Beijing Puneng as an example, its vanadium liquid flow battery energy storage applications currently cover kilowatt-level to megawatt-level systems. Among them, the kilowatt-level system is mainly composed of battery modules/20kWh energy storage system/40kWh energy storage system, which is mainly used for laboratory energy storage, communication base station power supply, etc. The megawatt-class system is mainly composed of multiple 250kW standard modules, and covers the battery stack structure, liquid storage tanks, electronic equipment, control devices, air conditioning systems, etc. It is currently mainly used in power grid energy storage, peak shaving and valley filling projects.

3.2. Application scenarios of vanadium battery energy storage

According to different energy storage application scenarios, vanadium liquid flow battery systems are mainly divided into container type and building type. Small-scale liquid flow battery systems are basically containerized, and large-scale liquid flow battery systems in energy bases are basically building-based.

In addition, small-scale vanadium battery energy storage products for household use have appeared in Germany, and the market for household vanadium battery products in my country needs to be broken through. Voltstorage, a German company, has launched a 1.5kW/6.2kWh household vanadium liquid flow battery product, which can achieve energy self-sufficiency with a household photovoltaic system. The current product size is 580×580×1406mm, and the power and capacity of the energy storage system can be increased by connecting multiple products in series.

3.3. Modular vanadium battery stack design

A significant advantage of the vanadium liquid flow battery energy storage system is its modularity, that is, the power components and capacity components of the system can be designed independently. For example, the megawatt-class system design consists of multiple 250kW standard modules. The rated power of the VRB-ESS system is determined by the number of battery stacks and the storage capacity is determined by the volume of the electrolyte. If a system requires a higher rated power or additional storage capacity, simply increasing the number of battery stacks or adding electrolyte can solve the problem.

4. Policies promote the rapid development of button battery 2025

According to the main goals of the "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Development of New Energy Storage" issued by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Energy Bureau: By 2025, the transformation of new energy storage from the initial stage of commercialization to large-scale development will be achieved. The standard system is basically complete, the industrial system is becoming more and more complete, the market environment and business model are basically mature, and the installed capacity will reach more than 30GW. New energy storage plays a significant role in promoting carbon peak and carbon neutrality in the energy field.

By 2030, the comprehensive marketization of new energy storage will be realized. The core technology and equipment of new energy storage are independent and controllable, and the technological innovation and industrial level are firmly in the forefront of the world. The standard system, market mechanism, and business model are mature and sound, and they are deeply integrated with all aspects of the power system. The installed capacity basically meets the corresponding needs of the new power system. New energy storage has become one of the key supports for carbon peak and carbon neutrality in the energy sector.

Based on the cumulative electrochemical energy storage of 30GW in 2025, it is estimated that the newly installed capacity of button battery 2025 will reach 1.7GW in 2025, and the new penetration rate will reach 20%; by 2025, the cumulative installed capacity of button battery 2025 will reach 4.3GW, and the cumulative penetration rate will reach 14%. With the introduction of the commercial promotion policy of button battery 2025, it is expected that the penetration rate of button battery 2025 will gradually increase in the next few years, and reach a 20% penetration rate of new installed capacity in 2025, so as to achieve the national requirement of 30GW installed capacity of new energy storage technology in 2025. The cumulative installed capacity of button battery 2025 has a five-year CAGR of 112%, and the market prospects of button battery 2025 are broad. Heypower, research report sister reading

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