Why do power lithium batteries need a BMS management system? What is the
important role of the battery management system (BMS) of lithium batteries?
Although lithium batteries have more advantages than other types of batteries,
lithium batteries can still explode when they are severely overcharged. The
danger is not only causing damage to the lithium battery pack, but also posing a
threat to the user's life safety. Therefore, the lithium battery pack must be
equipped with a targeted lithium battery management system BMS to effectively
monitor, protect, energy balance and fault alarm the battery pack, thereby
improving the efficiency and service life of the entire lithium battery.
What is a battery management system?
The battery management system, abbreviated as BMS, is a system that manages
batteries. It usually has the function of measuring battery voltage to prevent
or avoid abnormal conditions such as battery over-discharge, over-charge,
over-temperature, etc. With the development of technology, many functions have
been gradually added.
Common applications of BMS:
Mobile phones, MP3 players, voice recorders, laptops, electric bicycles,
electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric two-wheelers, electric
motorcycles, elderly scooters, electric vehicles, pure electric vehicles,
electric cars, electric boats, etc. A device, instrument or vehicle that uses
batteries and requires charging.
Why do power lithium batteries need a BMS management system?
The power lithium battery management system can effectively monitor,
protect, energy balance and fault alarm the lithium battery pack, thereby
improving the working efficiency and service life of the entire power battery
pack. Lithium batteries are widely used in various precision equipment due to
their many advantages such as high operating voltage, small size, light weight,
high energy density, no memory effect, no pollution, small self-discharge, and
long cycle life. However, lithium batteries have serious shortcomings. In
summary, they have the following two aspects:
(1)Safety
Lithium batteries have defects such as poor safety and occasional
explosions. In particular, lithium batteries with lithium cobalt oxide as the
cathode material cannot be discharged at high currents and have poor safety. In
addition, overcharging or overdischarging almost all types of lithium batteries
can cause irreversible damage to the cells. Lithium batteries are also extremely
sensitive to temperature: if used at too high a temperature, it may cause the
electrolyte to decompose, burn or even explode; if the temperature is too low,
the performance of the lithium battery will significantly deteriorate, affecting
the normal use of the equipment.
Due to the limitations of the battery manufacturing process, the internal
resistance and capacity of each battery unit will vary. When multiple battery
units are used in series, the charge and discharge rates of each battery cell
will be inconsistent, which leads to low utilization of battery capacity. In
view of this, lithium batteries usually require a specialized protection system
to monitor the health status of the battery during actual use to manage the use
process of lithium batteries.
(2)Maintainability
The capacity fading of lithium batteries at low temperatures and the
inability to accurately predict the power level make the maintainability of the
equipment poor. Instruments that are online for a long time require regular
battery replacement, and the working sites of remote monitoring equipment are
scattered and the distances between sites are long, so battery replacement is a
huge workload and costly.
In order to reduce the maintenance workload and maintenance costs, the
lithium battery BMS management system needs to have an accurate charge state
estimation function to accurately grasp the battery's charge state and perform
battery replacement more purposefully; at the same time, the battery management
system also needs to have a relatively high charge state estimation function.
Low self-power consumption to reduce maintenance frequency and extend battery
life. Therefore, for remote monitoring instruments that are continuously powered
for a long time, the reasonable design of the lithium battery BMS management
system is of great significance to the maintenance of the equipment.
The important role of the battery management system (BMS) of lithium
batteries:
There are safety issues in power lithium batteries from the time they are
produced until they are recycled at the end of their life. Even if they fully
comply with international safety standards when they leave the factory, they
will evolve from a safe state to an unsafe state during use. The performance of
good-quality single cells will gradually decline and reach The performance of
single batteries with limited lifespan and poor quality will gradually undergo
various abnormal degradations and declines during use, and enter the feared
unsafe state. This is a gradual and cumulative process of change.
The lithium battery BMS management system is not dispensable as some
battery manufacturers say, but a must, and it must be present throughout the
battery pack application. There have been many studies on lithium battery
management systems at home and abroad, and they have begun to be applied in many
fields. They have been able to meet the needs of some markets. The application
of lithium power batteries has put forward higher requirements for battery
management systems to ensure the safety of power battery packs. , is the primary
task of the lithium power battery management system.
The lithium battery BMS management system has the following
characteristics:
●The lithium battery management system consists of a management host (CPU),
voltage and temperature acquisition module, current acquisition module and
communication interface module.
●Can detect and display the total voltage, total current, and reserve
capacity of the lithium battery pack; the voltage of any single cell and the
temperature of the battery box; the highest and lowest single cell voltage and
battery number, the highest and lowest temperature, and the temperature of the
battery pack Charge and discharge capacity.
●The UPS battery host also provides alarm and control output interfaces to
provide alarm and control output for extreme conditions such as overvoltage,
undervoltage, high temperature, low temperature, overcurrent, and short
circuit.
●Provides RS232 and CAN bus interfaces, which can directly read all
information on the lithium battery management system on the computer.
Lithium battery pack and BMS for new energy vehicles:
Electric vehicle power batteries are composed of thousands of small cells.
The lithium battery pack mainly consists of cells, modules, electrical systems,
thermal management systems, boxes and BMS.
Lithium battery pack is the core component of new energy vehicles, which
provides driving power for the entire vehicle. It is mainly wrapped in a metal
shell to form the main body of battery pack protection. The battery core is
integrated through modular structural design, and includes the cooling hardware
of the battery core. The quality of the cooling system design is the
prerequisite for BMS to achieve excellent management. This is also an important
reflection of whether each manufacturer is technologically advanced. The thermal
management performance of the lithium battery pack is optimized through thermal
management design and simulation. The electrical components and wiring harness
realize the safety protection and connection path of the battery by the control
system. The BMS realizes the management of battery cells, as well as
communication and information exchange with the vehicle.
As a powerful guarantee for the safe use of batteries, the lithium battery
management system enables the battery to be in a safe and controllable charging
and discharging process at all times, greatly improving the cycle life of the
battery in actual use. In the rapid development of new energy vehicles, lithium
battery management system (BMS) plays a decisive role as the core
technology.
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