R03 Carbon battery.Can niobium tungsten oxide electrode enable fast charging of electric vehicle batteries?

　　Chemists have used niobium tungsten oxides (NTO) to make lithium-ion battery electrodes (battery electrodes). The crystal structure of niobium tungsten oxides may enable fast charging of electric vehicle batteries. One way is to accelerate the lithium ion in the battery. In order to greatly shorten the charging time, chemists need to provide nano-sized active particles (active particles) to shorten the movement distance of the particles. Unfortunately, this approach will increase the size of the material, increase costs, and lead to material instability. Clare Grey, of the University of Cambridge in the UK, led her team to produce two materials, Nb16W5O55 and Nb18W16O93. Their open tunnel structures can ensure material stability during battery charging and discharging, allowing the smooth flow of lithium ions. Two types of niobium tungsten oxides may be used as anode materials to replace common graphite materials to achieve rapid charging of large buses or trams. Colm O'Dwyer, a materials scientist at University College Cork in Ireland, said: "Compared with earlier materials, under specific conditions, the expansion rates of niobium tungsten oxide crystal materials are limited to 5.5% and 2.9% respectively. Typically, the cathode The expansion rate of materials is high, with the exception of anode materials such as silicon, whose expansion rate is 200%-350%. Therefore, it is necessary to nanosize its volume to avoid sizereduction. Researchers can avoid this by adopting new structures Expansion over large areas takes advantage of inbuilt anisotrophy: expansion in one direction is offset by contraction in other directions." Atomic-level crystalchemistry properties also prevent the stored lithium ions from sorting (ordering) and structural reorganization, thereby slowing down the movement of lithium ions during rapid charge and discharge. But Gray reminded that this is only part of the fast charging technology, and all battery components must be optimized to achieve fast charging. To this end, researchers also need to design a complete set of infrastructure. She added that if your car battery can be quickly charged in one minute, then all circuits in your home need to be fused before charging. Kent Griffith, a member of the research team, said: "From a weight perspective, compared with standard lithium-ion batteries, the electrical energy increased by this material does not seem to be much, but such battery applications are usually used in space-constrained areas, relative to the weight , the space factor is more important. You might as well imagine that if the on-board battery of an electric vehicle does not need to provide high power output or fast charging, can it be used as a two-component system? Such materials can be used It provides functional supplements to other lightweight graphite anodes for acceleration and fast charging.”

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